The problem of ______ among young people is hard to solve. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 21. 

   There are many types of English around the world. Some well-known varieties in Asia include Chinglish in China, Singlish in Singapore and Japanese English. A group of language experts in Japan is troubled by how the government uses English. ___(17)_____, it says the government uses computer or online translation too much. Researchers say many translations create strange and confusing words and expressions _(18)_______are confusing to English speakers. The researchers worry this could have a negative impact on Japan's tourist industry. They even say the increasing number of unsuitable words is becoming a "national embarrassment" in Japan. 

   The research team says computer software gives ____(19)_______ or incorrect translations for individual  kanji - the Chinese characters used inJapanese writing. There are____(20)________ examples of this,  including "Hello Work" - the name for job centers, and "Go To Travel" a plan to help tourism in Japan during  the COVID-19 pandemic. The team says software creates, "unintentionally funny translations that could easily be corrected if they were just checked by an English speaker". Businesses also create this English. The Christmas message being used by the Seibu Sogo department store has raised ____(21)____. It says "Stay Positive." Many people believe this is the wrong thing to say during coronavirus and "Stay Happy" would be better. 

It is really incredible that he is unaware of such basic facts. 

Although compulsory lying doesn't have its own diagnostic criteria in the DSM, it does have some unique signs. 

Which of the following is TRUE about fairies, according to the passage?

In paragraph 2, the phrase “these creatures” in bold refer to_______.

According to paragraph 1, fairies are_______. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 7 to 11. 

   Fairies today are the stuff of children's stories, little magical people with wings, often shining with light. Typically pretty and female, like Tinkerbell in Peter Pan, they usually use their magic to do small things and are mostly friendly to humans. 

   We owe many of our modern ideas about fairies to Shakespeare and stories from the 18th and 19th centuries. Although we can see the origins of fairies as far back as the Ancient Greeks, we can see similar creatures in many cultures. The earliest fairy-like creatures can be found in the Greek idea that trees and rivers had spirits called dryads and nymphs. Some people think these creatures were originally the gods of earlier, pagan religions that worshipped nature. They were replaced by the Greek and Roman gods, and then later by the Christian God, and became smaller, less powerful figures as they lost importance. 

   Another explanation suggests the origin of fairies is a memory of real people, not spirits. So, for example, when tribes with metal weapons invaded land where people only used stone weapons, some of the people escaped and hid in forests and caves. Further support for this idea is that fairies were thought to be afraid of iron and could not touch it. Living outside of society, the hiding people probably stole food and attacked villages. This might explain why fairies were often described as playing tricks on humans. Hundreds of years ago, people actually believed that fairies stole new babies and replaced them with a 'changeling' – a fairy baby – or that they took new mothers and made them feed fairy babies with their milk. 

   While most people no longer believe in fairies, only a hundred years ago some people were very willing to think they might exist. In 1917, 16-year-old Elsie Wright took two photos of her cousin, nine-year-old Frances Griffiths, sitting with fairies. Some photography experts thought they were fake, while others weren't sure. But Arthur Conan Doyle, the writer of the Sherlock Holmes detective stories, believed they were real. He published the original pictures, and three more the girls took for him, in a magazine called The Strand, in 1920. The girls only admitted the photos were fake years later in 1983, created using pictures of dancers that Elsie copied from a book.

Jenny: "Could you show me the way to the post office?’ - Jack: "___________" 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. 

When he passes the entrance exam, his parents will be walking on air.

Strongly advocating healthy foods, Jane doesn't eat any chocolate. 

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Which of the following sentences is TRUE, according to the passage?

According to paragraph 2, what is the problem with medicines used to fight diseases like hepatitis?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.

Something the size of a postage stamp, costing just a penny a piece, could be a medical breakthrough that will save millions of lives. According to biotechnology scientist Hayat Sindi, this tiny piece of paper has the same power as an entire diagnostic laboratory. ‘My mission is to find simple, inexpensive ways to monitor health,’ Sindi says. She believes technology pioneered by a team at Harvard University will make it possible, and she co-founded the charity ‘Diagnostics For All’ to produce and distribute the innovation.

In the developing world, powerful drugs are used to combat diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis. But these medicines can cause liver damage. In developed countries, doctors monitor liver function frequently and change the medication if they detect problems. But in isolated, rural corners of the world, health monitoring simply doesn’t exist. The tragic result is that millions of people are dying from the same drugs intended to save them. The small piece of paper is a low-tech tool which detects disease by analysing bodily fluids. Positive results, which show up in less than a minute, are indicated by a change in colour on the paper.

Sindi’s determination to solve daunting problems should come as no surprise. Despite coming from a modest background, never travelling outside Saudi Arabia or speaking a word of English, she moved to England to attend university. Alone, homesick, and worried that she would fail and dishonour her family, she learned English by watching BBC news. She studied up to 20 hours a day for college entrance exams. Against the odds, she became the first Saudi woman to study biotechnology at Cambridge University. She went on to get a PhD and become a visiting scholar at Harvard University.

Sindi’s passion and accomplishments have made her a role model for young women across the Middle East, an inspiration to a new generation. ‘I want all women to believe in themselves and know they can transform society. When I lecture at schools, the first thing I ask children is to draw a picture of a scientist. 99.9% of them draw an old bald man with glasses. When I tell them I’m a scientist, they look so surprised.’ A new foundation that she has launched gives guidance and money to encourage young women who attend university abroad to bring their skills back to their homelands.

(Adapted from Life by Helen Stephenson, John Hughes, and Paul Dummett)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

According to paragraph 2, L'Oréal ________ .

The word it in paragraph 1 refers to ________ .

Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb. But not many people know that in the 1920s he invented the first employment test to recruit staff for his research laboratory. It had questions in it like, ‘Who killed President Lincoln?’ and ‘Where is the Sargasso Sea?’. It was difficult to answer the questions and only a few people managed to pass the test. Nowadays we would ask: Is it really necessary to know things like this if you want to work for an inventor?

Now, a hundred years later, employment tests are still used by companies, but are very different in what they test. The way that companies recruit new staff has also changed. One recent trend in recruitment is ‘gamification’. Gamification, in general, means using characteristics of games (e.g. scoring points, competing with others and rules of play) to add some fun to situations that are usually more serious. One of the first companies which has used gamification to recruit new staff is the cosmetics company, L'Oréal. L'Oréal created an online computer game called Reveal, where you try to solve real-life problems in a virtual environment. The best players were invited for an interview.

Another company, the international hotel group Marriott, developed a Facebook game, My Marriott HotelTM to attract young people to a career in the hotel industry. In the game, players managed a virtual hotel kitchen. The game could be played in English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Mandarin. It was designed to recruit staff in markets outside the USA. The game was a great success and brought thousands of people to the Marriott Facebook career page. Experts believe gamification is likely to become so common in recruitment that perhaps we should all train as games designers!

(Adapted from Navigate by Caroline Krantz and Julie Norton)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 38.

LIVING AND LEARNING ON AN ISLAND

Children living on remote islands and in other areas (34) ________ the population is very small often end up being educated in very small schools, sometimes with no more than fifty students. Herm, (35) ________ , is one of the smallest of Britain's Channel Islands. It has a school that has fewer than ten pupils of primary school age, and a teacher who is (36) ________ to come over from the larger island of Guernsey every day. Children over the age of ten ought to live, as well as study, at a secondary school on Guernsey, even though many would prefer to live at home.

Small schools such as Herm are often threatened with closure - because compared to bigger schools, they are expensive to (37) ________ . When schools close, the teachers lose their jobs and pupils are sent to (38) ________ school which is often far away. This often turns out to be disruptive for the pupils’ education.

(Adapted from Oxford Exam Trainer Helen Weale)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.