The telephones ________________ by Alexander Graham Bell 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 

Some of the passengers looked green around the gills after the trip! Their faces turned pale.

We have decided to _____________ our research into environmental waste to ensure high health standards in this city. 

A current survey indicates that lower income tax on overtime earnings might act as a stimulant to industry. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 

There are possibly a hundred people at the meeting. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 

Ray Kurzweil suggests that exponential technological development will lead to the inevitable rise of artificial intelligence. 

No one is quite sure why Walt Disney dressed the mouse in the shorts with two buttons and gave him the yellow shoes. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question. 

Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or "background" extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger. 

How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone - some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the "introduced predators' that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat. 

Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever. 

Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010

What does the passage mainly discuss? 

"I will never forget our first dating," Anna said. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. 

George is asking his mum. 

- George: "Is it okay if I stay at my friend Jack's house overnight?" 

- George's mum: _________________. You haven't done your chores."

The last time she took her children to the zoo was two months ago. 

The better the quality of health care, ______________ the life expectancy.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.