The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ________ .

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.

The physical impact of the climate crisis is impossible to ignore, but experts are becoming increasingly concerned about another consequence - the strain it is putting on people’s mental wellbeing. Even in the UK, a recent study found that people who experience extreme weather such as storms or flooding are 50% more likely to suffer from mental health problems, including stress and depression, for years afterwards.

Soon after he started studying climate anxiety among young people, Dr. Patrick Kennedy- Williams, a clinical psychologist from Oxford, discovered worrying levels of environment-related stress and anxiety in children much younger than he assumed. “What I was most surprised by is how young the awareness and anxiety starts. My own daughter was just six when she came to me and said: ‘Daddy, are we winning the war against climate change?’

For Elizabeth Wathuti, a climate activist from Kenya, her experience of climate anxiety is not about the future but what is happening now. “People in African countries experience eco-anxiety differently because climate change for us is about the impacts that we are already experiencing now and the possibilities of the situation getting worse,” she said. She works with young people through the Green Generation Initiative she founded and sees the effects of eco-anxiety first-hand. A common worry she hears among students is: “We won’t die of old age, we’ll die from climate change.”

Kennedy-Williams says there is no way to completely insulate young people from the reality of the climate crisis, and argues that would be counterproductive even if it were possible. Rather, parents should talk to their children about their concerns and help them feel empowered to take action, however small, that can make a difference. “Record and celebrate the changes you make. Nobody is too small. Make connections with other people and at the same time realise that you are not going to solve it on your own.”

20-year-old Clover Hogan clearly agrees with this advice. She set up Force of Nature, a project aimed at helping young people realise their potential to create change. Hogan’s group aims to target people aged 11-24 with a crash course in the climate crisis that helps them navigate their anxiety and realise their potential to get involved, take action and make a stand. “This is only the beginning,” said Hogan. “We’re going to see massive, massive widespread climate crisis in every country around the world, so it’s about developing the emotional resilience to carry on.”

(Adapted from theguardian.com)

In paragraph 2, what do we learn about trekking and hiking?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 38.

Turkey's President Erdogan has declared a three-month state of emergency across areas considered to be (34) ________ hit by the recent deadly earthquakes, (35) ________ are among the biggest earthquakes ever to hit Turkey. They caused huge loss of life and damage in southeast Turkey and in (36) ________ areas in neighboring Syria. President Erdogan also warned of the danger of a large number of aftershocks, stating that: “We are rapidly continuing the search and rescue operations, despite the difficulty of the conditions and the terrible weather.”

Many countries have (37) ________ their support for Turkey and Syria. The EU has sent more than 1,150 rescue workers. Emergency medical teams will provide essential health care for the injured and most vulnerable people affected by the earthquakes. (38) ________ , Mexico has sent a team of dogs and rescuers who are experts in locating survivors in the rubble. U.S. President Joe Biden said he was “deeply saddened by the loss of life and devastation caused by the earthquakes”.

(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)

According to paragraph 2, Kennedy-Williams ________ .

Perhaps Jack has paid a visit to Nha Trang.

Never had it occurred to me that Andy would turn out to be a snake in the grass, which is why I foolishly did everything he told me to do and lost all my money.

Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.