Road atlas programs will map out your route between two cities or set up a whole __________ of stops.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 39 to 43.

      “One month on since the devastating earthquake hit Türkiye and Syria, the scale of the humanitarian response has yet to meet the enormous needs of displaced Syrian families and children (39)_____have suffered from compounded crises for almost 12 years now,” said Johan Mooij, director of World Vision’s Syria crisis response. “It is crucial that (40)_____ access channels to northwest Syria remain open, and that aid deliveries are scaled up through earmarked funding for the emergency response. Only this will ensure that children’s mental health needs are covered, and their trauma addressed.”

      Snow and bitter winter weather have placed children at great risk of hypothermia (41)_____ they struggle to survive in sub-zero temperatures. Many survivors have had to sleep in cars, outside, or in makeshift shelters. Doctors (42)_____ that children are also at risk of exposure to waterborne diseases such as cholera or Hepatitis A due to the damage to shelters and water infrastructure.

      These children are now even more vulnerable to family separation, exploitation, and abuse. As buildings are deemed unsafe, they also are unable to return to school.

      “In northern Syria, in particular, the threats to children from abuse were already extreme. The soaring poverty, within a warzone, now devastated by earthquakes, has created an unimaginable number of challenges, and suffering for children,” says Johan, director of the Syria crisis response in Amman, Jordan. “This earthquake has created the perfect environment for a health crisis -fueled by reduced healthcare capacity and disease (43)_____.”

Two students are talking about Pho, a Vietnamese dish.

- Ted: “I think one of the most popular food for Vietnamese people is Pho.”

- Kate: “__________. Everyone likes it because it is delicious.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 38.

      Pollutants are clogging up the atmosphere above our planet and trapping the sun's heat. That makes our planet warmer, which causes glaciers to melt, crazy weather patterns to develop, and natural disasters spread like wildfires.

But there are other consequences that people don't always associate with climate change. One surprising fact about global warming is that it makes people more aggressive.

      As the world gets hotter, tempers also get fierier. A new study found that violent crimes and even war become more likely as temperatures rise. Heart rates tend to be elevated in warm weather, so people are prepped for a physical response to a situation. That’s not to say we're headed for a violent end as Earth warms up, though. Advances in everything from technology to health have sparked a decline in conflict. It's just that global warming might be slowing that decline. Climate change increases the amount of smog in the air and causes plants to produce more pollen, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council. Those combine to make breathing harder for people, which can be especially tricky for people with asthma and other respiratory illnesses.

Polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.

Doctors (42)_____ that children are also at risk of exposure to waterborne diseases such as cholera or Hepatitis A due to the damage to shelters and water infrastructure.

What is the topic of the passage?

“How long have you lived in Ha Noi?” said my friend.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.