Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet correct answer to the following questions.
Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident. The proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the ger and deep sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq quatre violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.
In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were think and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modern violin music EXCEPT _________
Tất cả những điều sau đây được đề cập trong đoạn văn như góp phần vào khả năng chơi hiện đại nhạc vĩ cầm NGOẠI TRỪ _________
A. các cách khác nhau để sử dụng các ngón tay để chơi các nốt cao
B. kỹ thuật phức tạp hơn cho tay trái
C. những thay đổi nhỏ đối với cấu trúc của nhạc cụ
D. sử dụng gỗ quý cho cần đàn và cần đàn
Thông tin:
Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain.
Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes
Tạm dịch: Những thay đổi nhỏ đã được thực hiện đối với cấu trúc bên trong của đàn vĩ cầm và bảng điều khiển ngón tay để chúng có thể chịu được lực căng thêm. Kỹ thuật tay trái đã được trau chuốt đáng kể và các cách mới để sử dụng ngón tay trên bàn phím đã được phát triển cho các nốt rất cao.
Choose D.
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