"Many companies pitch their advertising directly to children". This statement means that advertisements are _____________.

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How to play hockey

The modern game of hockey is a fast and exciting game for both players and spectators. Each player uses a stick which has a flat side. The ball may only be hit with the flat side of the stick. The head of the stick is made of wood.

Games are played for two periods, each one lasting thirty-five minutes. Hockey requires many skills. Players must learn to use their sticks so that they can run with the ball (dribble), pass the ball from stick to stick with accuracy, dodge past other players, tackle opponents and take the ball from them. Every player needs to be in good physical condition.

There are 11 players in a hockey team. The idea of the game is to score more goals than the opposing side. A goal is scored by hitting the ball past the opposition and shooting it between the goal posts. Each goal is worth one point. Hockey is played on a grass field the same size as a football field or on a synthetic surface. There is also a version of indoor hockey with modified rules.

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There are many kinds of books in the world. They fall into two categories which are fiction and non-fiction. Well-received books from either kind are even made into movies and games.

Fiction books are written using the imagination. The characters and events surrounding them are not real. Fiction books can be found in abundance at bookstores and libraries. They can even be found on the shelves of comic shops and game shops. Often, fiction books are written in two or three combinations from the science, fantasy and classical groups. The most popular kind among youngsters is probably in the area of fantasy. Anything involving magic and witchcraft, spacecraft and aliens, or superheroes and time travel may be used in this category.

Many different kinds of non-fiction books are available on the market. These are written about facts, real people, real events and real places. Most of the time, non-fiction books are written by people who had experienced or witnessed the happening themselves. Real-life stories can also be contributed by readers and thus found in magazines and newspapers.

As more books are written and produced across the globe, our choice for selection also increases. Although reading is a good form of habit, choosing the right kind of books to read is just as important. We, as the readers, have responsibility to learn to choose wisely.

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Research has shown that children have a significant impact on what ends up in the shopping trolley. They also choose a lot of their own clothes, especially sports items, such as shoes, T-shirts and caps. When it comes to take-away food, it is often the children who decide. Many companies pitch their advertising directly to children. Some people think this is wrong.

People in favour of advertising to children say that ads give them ideas for how to spend money. They say that children can be taught to be wise buyers and that advertising tells children about new products. These advocates also believe that companies act responsibly when they advertise to children and that the parents have the final say.

Those who oppose advertising to children say that children are easily influenced. They believe that children are made to feel they are not 'cool' when they cannot afford the advertised items. Opponents think that parents are pressured by their children and that some advertisements mislead children. They also state that children do not have the experience to make sensible choices.

We may need more research into how children are swayed by advertising to decide whether the opponents or the advocates are right.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Easter Island Mystery

Easter Island has a mystery. How and why did its inhabitants carve and transport the massive statues which surround the island?

Easter Island is a triangular volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean, over 3600 kilometres from Tahiti or Chile. It is one of the most isolated places on Earth. It is famous for the 800 giant stone statues that dot the coastline. The early explorers discovered the island on Easter Day in 1722, and named its Easter Island.

Where did Easter Islanders come from? Some say the people who built the statues were from South America, where there is similar stonework. Others have suggested that Easter Islanders are the last people of a lost continent, or even parts of an alien invasion.

Pacific Islanders (Polynesians) came to the island about 1500 years ago. As the population grew to more than 10000, the land could not support so many people. (In 2002, the population was about 3500.) Food and materials became scarce, and the palm forests were destroyed - cleared for farming and to move the huge statues to coastal locations. Although called 'Easter Island heads', they are kneeling figures with their hands over their stomachs. A few statues have become buried up to their necks by shifting soils.