Thứ sáu, 15/11/2024
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Câu hỏi:

21/07/2024 6,909

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The house_____________the earthquake but then _____________by a fire.

A. survived – was destroyed

Đáp án chính xác

B. was survived – destroyed

C. survived – destroyed

D. was survived – was destroyed

 Xem lời giải

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Đáp án A

- survive (v): tồn tại, qua khỏi được

- destroy (v): phá hủy

Vế đầu mang nghĩa chủ động nên ta chia động từ "survive" ở chủ động; còn vế sau mang nghĩa bị động nên ta chia động từ "destroy" ở thể bị động.

Cấu trúc: Chủ động: S + V-past + O

Bị động: S (O) + was/ were + PP + by O(S)

"Ngôi nhà đã tồn tại qua trận động đất nhưng sau đó nó đã bị phá hủy do hỏa hoạn."

The passive voice (Thể bị động)

- Cấu trúc (Form): Chủ động: S + V + O

                               Bị động: S + be + PP + (by O)

* Các bước để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.

b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.

c. Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau "by" trong câu bị động.

d. Biến dổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PP (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.

e. Thêm To be vào trước pp trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thì của V chính trong câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).

Trong câu bị động by + O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và đứng trước adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).

Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her....

- Cấu trúc bị động với các thì

Tense (Thì)

Active (Chủ động)

Passive (Bị động)

1. Hiện tại đơn

S+ V(s/es) + O

E.g: I do my homework every evening.

S (O) + is/am/are + PP + {by + O (s)}  => My homework is done every evening.

2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

E.g: He is reading books now.

S (O)+ is/am/are + being + PP+ {by + O (s)}

=> Books are being read (by him) now.

3. Quá khứ đơn

S + V-ed/V-2 + O

E.g: S

e wrote a letter yesterday.

S (O) + was/were + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> A letter was written (by her) yesterday.

4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn

S+ was/were + V-ing + O

E.g: They were doing the housework at 9 a.m. yesterday.

S (O) + was/were +being + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> The housework was being done at 9 a.m. yesterday.

5. Hiện tại hoàn thành

S + have/ has + PP + O

E.g: My parents have given me a new computer on my birthday.

S (O) + have/ has + been + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> A new computer has been given to me by my parents on my birthday.

6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O

E.g: Tim has been repairing the roof for 2 hours.

S (O) + have/ has + been + being +PP + {by + O (s)}

=> The roof has been being repaired by Tim for 2 hours.

7. Quá khứ hoàn thành

S + had + PP + O

E.g: He had finished his homework before 9 p.m. yesterday.

S (O) + had + been + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> His homework had been finished before 9 p.m. yesterday.

8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + had + been + V-ing + O

E.g: I had bee

 typing the letter for 3 hours before you came yesterday.

S (O) + had + been + being + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> The letter had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday.

9. Tương lai đơn

S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O

E.g: She will meet him tomorr

w.

S (O) + will + be + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> He will be met tomorrow.

10. Tương lai tiếp diễn

S + will + be +V-ing + O

E.g: She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow.

S (O) + will + be + being + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow.

11. Tương lai hoàn thành

S + will + have + PP + O

E.g: They will have completed this house by the end of this year.

S (O) + will + have + been + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> This house will have been completed by the end of this year.

12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + will + have + been + V-ing + O

E.g: I will have been teaching English for 5 years by next week.

S (O) + will + have +been + being + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> English will have been being taught by me for 5 years by next week.

13. Tương lai gần

S + is/ am/ are + going to + V (bare-inf) + O

E.g: I am going to buy this house.

S (O) + is/ am/ are + going to + be + PP + (by + O (s)}

=> This house is going to be bought.

14. Modal verbs (Động từ khuyết thiếu)

S + Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might,...) + V (bare-inf) + O

E.g: They should do these exercises.

S (O) + Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might,...) + be + PP + {by + O (s)}

=> These exercises should be done.

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