It is now _______ that vitamin C plays a crucial role in the manufacture of collagen within the skin. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 18 to 22.

 Edward Patrick Eagan was born on April 26th 1897 in Denver, Colorado, and his father died in a railroad accident when Eagan was only one year old. He and his four brothers were raised by his mother, who earned a small income from teaching foreign languages.

 Inspired by Frank Marriwell, the hero of a series of popular novels for boys, Eagan pursued an education for himself and an interest in boxing. He attended the University of Denver for a year before serving in the U.S. army as an artillery lieutenant during World War I. After the war, he entered Yale University and while studying there, won the US national amateur heavyweight boxing title. He graduated from Yale in 1921, attended Harvard Law School, and received a Rhodes scholarship to the University of Oxford where he received his A.M. in 1928.

 While studying at Oxford, Eagan became the first American to win the British amateur boxing championship. Eagan won his first gold medal as a light heavyweight boxer at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium. Eagan also fought at the 1924 Olympics in Paris as a heavyweight but failed to get a medal. Though he had taken up the sport just three weeks before the competition, he managed to win a second gold medal as a member of four-man bobsled team at the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. Thus, he became the only athlete to win gold medals at both the Summer and Winter Olympics.

(Adapted from "Peteson's Master TOEFL Reading Skills)

What is the main idea of the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

According to various studies, children with supportive parents often do better at school than those without. 

Karl Kani, who was a black American designer, was the first to _______ the trend of merging hip hop with fashion. 

Riley is between a _______ and a hard place as he accidentally set up his doctor's appointment on the same day as his son's first soccer game at school. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Katherine has currently been down in the dumps because all her best friends have gone abroad to study. 

You must read the instructions carefully; _______, you won't know how to use this tool. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

When you purchase anything in this shopping mall, your first order is delivered free as a(n) ______ offer.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.

As a new employee, your next presentation is important, so you have to be entirely aware of what you are doing. 

Internal _______ engines are the most widely used power-generating devices currently in existence. 

The famous singer has just visited and given gifts to children in an orphanage _______ in her hometown. 

We'd better stick _______ the main road because the other roads are blocked with snow. 

Peter couldn't sleep because the people next door _______ a lot of noise until past midnight. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Helen's financial difficulties are serious. She never loses her hopes of overcoming them soon.