The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

I have never read such a good book before.

The English grammar _____by our teacher.

Smoking is not allowed in the museum.

My responsibility is to wash dishes and ______ the garbage.

Mariah sings well. She writes good songs, too.

My friend lives in a (n) ______warehouse in a very fashionable part of town.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Advocates of the laws and journalists who cover the issue often neglect to ask what will replace plastic bags and what the environmental impact of that replacement will be. People still need bags to bring home their groceries. And the most common substitute, paper bags, may be just as bad or worse, depending on the environmental problem you are most concerned about.

That is leading to a split in the anti-bag movement. Some bills, like in Massachusetts, try to reduce the use of paper bags as well as plastic, but still favour paper. Others, like in New York City, treat all single-use bags equally. Even then, the question remains as to whether single-use bags are necessarily always worse than reusable ones.

Studies of bags’ environmental impacts over their life cycle have reached widely varying conclusions. Some are funded by plastic industry groups, like the ironically named American Progressive Bag Alliance. Even studies conducted with the purest of intentions depend on any number of assumptions. How many plastic bags are replaced by one cotton tote bag? If a plastic bag is reused in the home as the garbage bag in a bathroom waste bin, does that reduce its footprint by eliminating the need for another small plastic garbage bag?

If your chief concern is climate change, things get even muddier. One of the most comprehensive research papers on the environmental impact of bags, published in 2007 by an Australian state government agency, found that paper bags have a higher carbon footprint than plastic. That is primarily because more energy is required to produce and transport paper bags.

“People look at paper and say it’s degradable, therefore it’s much better for the environment, but it’s not in terms of climate change impact,” says David Tyler, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oregon who has examined the research on the environmental impact of bag use. The reasons for paper’s higher carbon footprint are complex but can mostly be understood as stemming from the fact that paper bags are much thicker than plastic bags. “Very broadly, carbon footprints are proportional to mass of an object,” says Tyler. For example, because paper bags take up so much more space, more trucks are needed to ship paper bags to a store than to ship plastic bags.

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/)

 Which of the following best serves as the title for the article?

I will call and tell you something interesting ______.

The word “stemming” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.

He committed the crime under the ______ of drugs.

There is concern about several confidential documents which have gone missing.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the fol­lowing exchanges.

Mary and her friend, Encobeill, are in a coffee shop.

- Mary: “Would you like Matcha ice-cream or Caramen?” - Encobeill: “______”

 ______His own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.