The phrase "derived from" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_____________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

In the 1960s it took pop and rock groups one or two days to record their songs. Nowadays, it can take months and months. Many rock groups begin by recording only one instrument, for example, the voice. Then they record other instruments- electric piano, synthesizer, guitars and drums.

Next, they might use a computer to add special effects. Finally, they 'mix' all the instruments until they get the sound that they want. This means that a CD or cassette will always sound very different from a live concert.

Music engineers have developed a new computer program that will change the future of music. A computer can analyze a singer's voice. Then if you give the computer the lyrics and music of a song, the computer can 'sing' it in that voice. This means that a singer only needs to record one song and the computer can then sing other songs in the singer's own voice Singers can sing new songs many years after they have died.

Most of us listen to music for pleasure, but for the record companies, music is a product, the same as soap powder. When a record company finds a new group (or "band"), they first try to develop the band's 'profile'. They will try to create an 'image' for the band that they think will attract young people. Instead of allowing the band's full artistic freedom, they will often tell the band what they should wear, what they should say and how they should sing and play.

In recent year, many rock groups have started their own record companies because they say that the big companies are too commercial:

Today, to record songs, it takes_____________.

Due to lacking_____________, they couldn’t open a new shop as scheduled.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

If your invitations are met with repeated_____________, you should just leave him alone.

What made Mark_____________his family and his job? Where did he go and why?

All_____________we had been told turned out to be untrue.

All applicants must_____________a full CV with their job application before October 1st.

No matter how angry he was, he would never_____________to violence.

(A) Although this plant (B) lack flowers, they (C) do have leaves, stems, and (D) root.

When the weather was very hot in summer, sales of bottles of water went_____________the roof.

Everyone_____________taken to hospital last night. _____________?

After leaving high school, my brother decided to_____________in the army.

We should make full_____________of renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power in the world.

Which of the following is NOT true about the new computer program?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

The book says that the revolution was_____________off by the assassination of the president.