Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 45.
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land, none of the other migrations could have happened.
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins, the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.
There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoise. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived in land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.
(Adapted from Cambridge English IELTS 9)Câu 38: Which of the following best serves as the main idea for the passage?
A. The evidences of the time marine animals moved to land.
B. The relationship between terrestrial species and marine creatures.
C. The reasons why species had to change their living place.
D. The evolution of marine species in changing places to live.
Giải bởi Vietjack
Chọn đáp án D
Ý nào sau đây đóng vai trò là ý chính cho đoạn văn?
A. Các bằng chứng về thời gian các động vật biển di chuyển lên đất liền.
B. Mối quan hệ giữa các loài sinh vật trên cạn và sinh vật biển.
C. Nguyên nhân khiến các loài phải thay đổi nơi sống.
D. Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
=> Căn cứ vào thông tin ngay trong đoạn đầu:
+ “If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids.”
(Nếu bạn quay trở lại đủ xa, mọi thứ đã sống trong biển cả. Tại nhiều thời điểm khác nhau trong lịch sử tiến hóa, những cá thể dám nghĩ dám làm trong nhiều nhóm động vật khác nhau đã di chuyển lên đất liền, thậm chí đôi khi đến những sa mạc khô cằn nhất, lấy nước biển riêng của họ trong máu và dịch tế bào.)
+ “Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction.”
(Di chuyển từ nước lên đất liên quan đến việc thiết kế lại phần lớn mọi khía cạnh của cuộc sống, bao gồm cả việc thở và sinh sản.)
=> Do đó, tiêu đề phù hợp nhất là: Sự tiến hóa của các loài sinh vật biển về việc thay đổi nơi ở.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
An astronaut living in space begins a day in much the same way as he would on earth. The astronaut is able to brush his teeth and use the toilet in space. It is, however, rather challenging as the water droplets will (28)__________ around. The astronaut will also have to make to do with sponge baths.
There is a special plan for the astronaut on (29)____________a spaceship which includes beverages and food items. The astronaut is allowed to have a maximum of three main meals a day. The meal varies each day until the sixth day. On that day, the menu is (30)_____________and the astronaut eats the meals he had on the first day. The food (31) ________ is brought on a shuttle mission can be dehydrated, in natural form for fresh. Sometimes, they are kept in thermostabilised cans or sealed pouches. It takes only thirty minutes to cook a delicious meal for a crew of up to seven people on a space mission.(32)_________, astronauts have to eat slowly and carefully or the food will float away.
Linh: "How often does your brother have to do a night shift? "
Mary: " ______________ "
Because of her conservative views, the professor never accepts anything not related to traditional values and the status.
Câu 5: ______ committee is expected to reach ______ decision this evening.
Among all the changes resulting from the___________entry of women into the workforce, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.
The new airport was constructed in the _______ of fierce opposition.
My father told me that If we wanted to catch the 6.30 train, that would mean _________the house at 6.00.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 37.
Earthquakes are destructive events in nature. The damage depends on the size or magnitude of the quake. There have never been so many people living in cities in quake zones, and so the worse the damage can be from a big quake, bringing fires, tsunamis, and the loss of life, property, and maybe an entire city.
We understand how earthquakes happen but not exactly where or when they will occur. Until recently, quakes seemed to occur at random. In Japan, government research is now showing that quakes can be predicted. At the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Koshun Yamaoka says earthquakes do follow a pattern—pressure builds in a zone and must be released. But a colleague, Naoyuki Kato, adds that laboratory experiments indicate that a fault slips a little before it breaks. If this is true, predictions can be made based on the detection of slips.
Research in the U.S. may support Kato’s theory. In Parkfield, California earthquakes occur about every 22 years on the San Andreas fault. In the 1980s, scientists drilled into the fault and set up equipment to record activity to look for warning signs. When an earthquake hit again, it was years off schedule. At first the event seemed random but scientists drilled deeper. By 2005 they reached the bottom of the fault, two miles down, and found something. Data from two quakes reported in 2008 show there were two “slips’—places where the plates widened—before the fault line broke and the quakes occurred.
We are learning more about these destructive events every day. In the future we may be able to track earthquakes and design an early-warning system. So if the next great earthquake does happen in Tokai, about 100 miles southwest of Tokyo, as some scientists think, the citizens of Tokai may have advance warning.
(Adapted from Reading Explorer 3, Nancy Douglas et al., 2010)Câu 33: What is the main idea of the passage?
As a conductor of heat and electricity, aluminum exceeds all metals except silver, copper and gold.
_________, she spent nearly an hour walking all around the neighborhood looking for her car.
Over a third of the population was estimated to have no __________ to the health service.
The series became so popular that it was moved to the _______ time spot of 8 pm.
From bones found in the United States, we have learned that many animals which existed no longer in the world once made their homes there.
We talked to each other all night and resolved some of our problem. It's good to have a proper ______________ sometimes.
