Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question. 

REALITY TELEVISION

     Reality television is a genre of television programming which, (it is claimed), presents an unscripted dramatic or humorous situation, documents actual events, and features ordinary rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000. 

     Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no Tsukai), to surveillance-or voyeurism-focused productions such as Big Brother. 

     Critics say that the term "reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modifies and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic location or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques. 

     Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations, For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, traveling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity. 

          Some commentators have said that the name “reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word “reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama

In the first line, the writer says "it is claimed” because __________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

          Our position in the family is one of the factors (29) _______ strongly affect our personality. The eldest or first born children get maximum (30) _______ from their parents and the result is that they are usually self confident and ambitious people. Firstborns are also responsible because they often have to look after their younger brothers or sisters. (31) _______, they can be quite bossy and dominant as they often give orders and are fearful of losing position. Middle children are usually sociable since they have other children to play with. They are good at peacemaking and compromising. Yet, on the negative side, (32) _______ children can be jealous and moody ones. The youngest in a family is probably quite a relaxed person and some are often lazy. This is because they always have someone in the family to help them. Yet, they are charming and (33) _______ have a good sense of humor and know how to manipulate others when they want to get their way

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Hoa hoped _________ to join the club. She could make friends with many people here

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against Covid-19

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

In _______ 1950s, many people moved from ________ West Indies to _______ England because their life was so hard there

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges

John and Jane are talking about protecting cultural identities.

John: "Do you think that people should protect their cultural identities in the age of globalization?"

Jane: “____________” 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

No one in our club can speak English as fluently as Mai

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

The girl who were injured in the accident is now in hospital

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

          Our position in the family is one of the factors (29) _______ strongly affect our personality. The eldest or first born children get maximum (30) _______ from their parents and the result is that they are usually self confident and ambitious people. Firstborns are also responsible because they often have to look after their younger brothers or sisters. (31) _______, they can be quite bossy and dominant as they often give orders and are fearful of losing position. Middle children are usually sociable since they have other children to play with. They are good at peacemaking and compromising. Yet, on the negative side, (32) _______ children can be jealous and moody ones. The youngest in a family is probably quite a relaxed person and some are often lazy. This is because they always have someone in the family to help them. Yet, they are charming and (33) _______ have a good sense of humor and know how to manipulate others when they want to get their way

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question. 

The Urban Gardener

     Cities are home to skyscrapers and apartment buildings, and it's rare to find wide, open spaces within them. With limited space for parks and gardens, architects and city planners often find it challenging to incorporate greenery into neighbourhoods. 

     One creative solution is to grow plants on unused areas like walls or rooftops. It's a popular idea, and now rooftop gardens and green walls have been spouting up in cities around the world. There are many benefits to having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment - what was once a grey cement wall can become a colourful, blooming garden. The CaxiaForum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example - one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species. 

     In other cities, green walls are being used more functionally, to cover up construction sites and empty buildings and to prominently decorate the lobbies of office buildings. Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer. Buildings and roads absorb the sun's heat and hold it, causing a building or neighbourhood to stay warmer longer. Plants, on the other hand, provide an enormous amount of shade. There is evidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lowe Many cities offer tax discounts to businesses with these features. 

     In New York City, public schools plant rooftop gardens that can reduce heating and cooling costs. In addition to saving the school money, teachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value - it's a fun and healthy way for their kids to investigate the world around them. “For the children, it's exciting when you grow something edible," said Lauren Fontana, principal of a New York public school. 

     These green spaces are also used to grow food. In recent years, rooftop gardens have slowly been included in the "local food movement". This is based on the concept that locally grown food reduces pollution since it does not have to be transported far. Vegetables are being grown in rooftop gardens by schools, churches, neighbourhoods and even restaurants. Chef Rick Bayless serves “Rooftop Salsa” at his restaurant in Chicago, USA, using only ingredients grown in his rooftop garden. Rooftop gardens and green walls may require a bit more effort to grow and maintain. However, hard work always brings rewards, and with green spaces, the rewards are plentiful. 

According to the passage, people ________ as cities have little space for gardens

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 I really enjoy being with my father. He has got a really good _________ of humour

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

_________ Paul realize that he was on the wrong flight

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

I thought his business would fail, but he is really making a go of it.