Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
A considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed based on it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect. For example, first-borns, who have their parents to themselves initially and do not have to deal with siblings in the first part of their lives, tend to have their first socialization experiences with adults and therefore tend to find the process of peer socialization more difficult. In contrast, later-born children have to deal with siblings from the first moment of their lives and therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.
Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child.
Studies have consistently shown that first-born children tend to exhibit similar, positive and negative personality traits. First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies; in one study, the number of National Merit scholarship winners who are first-borns was found to be equal to the number of second-and third-borns combined. First-borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others; more first-borns have served in the U.S. Congress and as U.S. presidents than have those born in other birth-order positions. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.
Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first-borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling or siblings excel. They tend to be more trusting, accepting and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.
The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self-esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities and fraternities.
Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self-esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation than other children
The phrase more achievement oriented in the paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
A. more directly involved
B. more focused on accomplishments
C. more skilled as leaders
D. more aware of surroundings
Đáp án là B. more focused on accomplishments: tập trung hơn vào những thành tích
Gói VIP thi online tại VietJack (chỉ 400k/1 năm học), luyện tập gần 1 triệu câu hỏi có đáp án chi tiết
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
It can be an amazing experience for those who have the x to leave their family and friend and live in a new place
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
x TV for the last four hours? Turn it off and get some exercise
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Make sure you x your assignment before you go to bed
A lot needs be done to the house before anyone can start living in
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
It took Ted a long time to get x the breakup of his marriage
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Mr. Simkins is the big x in the company as he has just been promoted to the position of Managing Director
It is of great importance that he speaks to the Dean before leaving for his location
There are very large rooms with beautiful decorated walls in her new house
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Some crimes seem to be x in this country than in others
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Of course an encyclopedia is not a book you read x
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The Red Cross all over the world has carried out a lot of x
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
“You haven’t been to the bank today, have you?” - “ x .”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
“What was Derek’ s reaction to the accusation?”
“Well, he denied x anywhere near the house at the time.”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Mary invited her friend, Sarah, to have dinner out that night and Sarah accepted.Mary: “Shall we eat out tonight ?” - Sarah: “ x .”
Your trip to DaLat sounds absolutely fascianted. I'd love to go there