Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question.

The ocean bottom – a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth – is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.

Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation’s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the Ocean’s surface and frill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.

The Glomar challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November in 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the word. The Glomar Challenger’s core sample have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger’s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.

The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world’s past climates. Deep-ocean sediment provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record had already provided insights into patterns and causes of past climatic change information that may be used to predict future climates

The author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier” in line 2 because it __________.

On being told about her sack, ………………. .

Who did you invite to dinner? – No one …….. than Frank and his family

Mark the letters A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

To remove stains (A) from permanent press clothing, (B) carefully soaking in cold water (C) before washing with (D) a regular detergent

Can you ……………. your papers with you when you come to see me. Please?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

…..unprepared for the exam, I felt sure I would get a low score

Mark the letters A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

(A) Because of the expense of (B) traditional fuels and the concern that they (C) run out, many countries have been (D) investigating alternative sources of power

Would you like to go to the movies tomorrow? – Sure. By then I ……………. my exam

………….air to man, so is water to fish

Mark the letters A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

(A) Crime invention is as (B) crucial in the work place (C) like it is in the home or (D) neighborhood

John …………. this task yesterday morning, but I did it for him. He owes me a thank-you

Paul’s been in Alice’s bad …………….. ever since he offended her at the party

Jane was pleased that she had been accepted by a/an …………… university

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

TATTOOING: AN ANCIENT TRADITION

Tattooing is an old art. In ancient Greece, people who had tattoos were regarded as members of the (16) __________ classes. On the other hand, tattooing was (17) __________ in Europe by the early Christians, who thought that it was a sinful thing to (18) __________. It was not until the late 18^th century, when Captain Cook saw South Sea Islander decorating their bodies with tattoos that attitudes began to change. Sailors came back from these islands with pictures of Christ on their backs and from then on, tattooing (19) __________ in popularity. A survey by the French army in 1881 (20) __________ that among the 387 men (21) __________there were 1,333 designs.

Nowadays, not everybody finds tattoos acceptable. Some people thing that getting one is silly because tattoos are more or less permanent. There is also some (22)  __________ about (23) __________ a blood disease from unsterilized needles. Even for those who do want a tattoo, the (24) __________ of getting one is not painless, but the final result, in their eyes, is (25) __________ the pain.Question 18

……………… down to dinner than the telephone rang again