Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally, spelling, however, cannot.

Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to_____. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_______ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Stop _____ about the bush, John! Just tell me exactly what the problem is.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I lay down on ______ ground and looked up at ______ sky.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The youths nowadays have many things to do in their ______ time.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

By the time the boss comes back from England, the work ________.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary measures.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

My English is progressing in _________. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

He mentioned in particular electronics, his major at university. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

All students should be ______ and literate when they leave school.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The government have tried to _____ the price of food, and they finally succeeded.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

A secretary told (A) me an important file had left  (B) in the lunch room just (C) the other (D) day.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Some fishes (A) live at enormous depths (B) that they are almost complete (C) blind (D).

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

“Your speech this morning was just beyond my expectation.”     “_______________”