Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 35 to 42.

CUTTING THE APRON STRINGS

There is substantial evidence that students going off to college have changed over the years. For one thing, studies show that they are emotionally closer to their parents and their parents to them. One thing that means is that they depend on each other more for happiness. It puts a burden on children for parents to use their children as vehicles for their own happiness - although today’s young people seem complicit in this arrangement, perhaps because they have known no other way even if it creates anxiety in the children. That’s one reason parents like to be involved in their children’s college experiences, and colleges have had to devise novel ways of getting parents off campus when they transport their kids to school.

There’s also evidence that students today seem to be choosing schools with reference to proximity to home. The closer a student is to home, the easier it is to bring the laundry home and to land in your old bed with tea and sympathy when you have the sniffles. And the easier it is for parents to visit you at university whenever the mood strikes. The amount of visiting parents do is far more than in generations past.

But in a real sense, students don’t really leave their parents behind. Their parents go to college right along with them - in their front pockets. That is, the parents are a speed dial away by cellphone. This, of course, significantly reduces independence. A student doesn’t get the chance to solve minor problems on his own - he just calls Mom or Dad. A student has initial problems getting along with a roommate? A roommate doesn’t do laundry as often as the other roommate wishes? A student gets a C grade on her first paper? Instead of absorbing the negative information and figuring out how to resolve the problem or how to do better, the call gets made to home, where Mom or Dad solves the problem, often by calling the school administration. This kind of behavior is, sadly, commonplace today and is a mark of the lack of coping skills among students because all the lumps and bumps have been taken out of life for them until now.

In addition to being tethered to parents, incoming freshmen are now very heavily connected by cellphone to classmates from high school, who are presumably at other colleges. So there isn’t the great impetus to mix and venture forth to meet new people, to get out of one’s comfort/one, to get drawn into new experiences, that has traditionally marked the beginning of freshman year. The laws of physics still apply, 6 and it is difficult to be meeting new people and seeking novel experiences while you are talking to your old pals.

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that children and their parents ______.

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You have to study hard to _______ your classmates

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

To turn on (A) the light, I was (B) surprised at (C) what (D) I saw.

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It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid ______ by the supervisors?

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Michael was _______ with anger when he saw his car had been scratched.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29. Fill in the appropriate word in question 29

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides – The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One alternative, however, depends much (25) _____on technology - organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but not chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (26) ______ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (27) ______. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides; for example they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests. (28) ______ the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land; in fact organic farming is perfectly (29) _______ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally, many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.

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This project will create more _____ to local residents.

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We ______ today and I got into trouble because I hadn’t done it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Employee contracts are eligible for ________ each year.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

It takes roughly 4000 pounds of petals to make a single pound of rose oil.

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If you had taken your dad’s advice, you ______ such a silly mistake.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

David: “Could you bring me some water?”

Waiter: “________”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The most rapid (A) expanding (B) segment of the food industry (C) is the freezing (D) food segment.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

She made a list of what to do __________ forget anything.

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The Prime Minister congratulated the team _________ winning the match.