Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Humans generally spent more time working than do other creatures, but there is greater variability in industriousness from one human culture to the next than is seen in subgroups of any other species. For instance, the average French worker toils for 1,646 hours a year; the average American for 1,957 hours; and the average Japanese for 2,088.

One reason for human diligence is that people, unlike animals, can often override the impulses they may feel to slow down. They can drink coffee when they might prefer a nap or flick on the air-conditioning when the heat might otherwise demand torpor. Many humans are driven to work hard by a singular desire to gather resources far beyond what is required for survival. Squirrels may collect what they need to make it through one winter but only humans worry about collect bills, retirement, or replacing their old record albums with compact discs.

Among other primates, if you don't need to travel around to get food for that day, you sit down and relax, said Dr.Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlarita. "it's typically human to try to accumulate wealth and get more and more.”

Much of the acquisitiveness is likely to be the result of cultural training. Anthropologists have found that most hunter-gatherer groups, who live day to day on the resources they can kill or forage and who stash very little away for the future generally work only three to five hours daily.

Indeed, an inborn temptation to reduce may lurk beneath even the most work-obsessed people, which could explain why sloth ranks with lust and gluttony as one of the seven deadly sins.

The passage is a combination of contrast and _______ .

Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful _____ on their crops.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class.

It's no use ____ make him _____ his mind.

Efforts are underway to protect endangered species from further human ________, but in many areas it is already too late.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The film was taken apart on the grounds that it glorifies violence.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

On hearing the proposal of the project, all staff threw cold water on his initial plans, which caused him a complete upset.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheets to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Human memory (A), formerly was believed (B ) to be rather inefficient, (C) is really much more sophisticated than that of a (D) computer.

The doctor gave her a ______ check-up so as to discover the cause of her breakdown.

Mark the letter A. B. C. or D on your answer sheer to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Two friends are talking about their evening plans.

- Janet: “______ ”

- Susan: “What a shame!”

Many teachers suggest that final examinations be ____, an innovation I heartily support.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheets to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Assuring (A) the reliability and purity of the water supply (B) is one of the more significant challenges facing (C) an ever growing (D) world population.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Efforts by the government agency to improve its work were hampered by lack of funds.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

I'm sure Mary was very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.

_______ , follow the signs for „Arrivals' unless you are transferring to another plane at the same airport.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 25 to 29.

To better understand the effects of crying in humans, it is also important to consider the animal counterparts to human crying (in the domain of communication), as well as other animal behaviors that might serve stress-reducing functions. In all mammals and most birds, offspring react with (25)_______ calls or distress calls to being removed from the parents. There can be little doubt that this is the phylogenetic basis of the acoustical crying of human infants. This very basic form of crying is meant to undo the separation from the parents and it is not likely to have any direct soothing function. Rather, this behavior seems to be associated with a state of increased arousal and result in soothing because of the comfort and support it elicited, that is, because it has (26)_______ its inter-individual function. In animals, distress calls are mainly (27)_____ by young offspring, and they are never accompanied by the production of tears. (28)______ , candidates for the mechanisms that might contribute to reduction of distress in non-human animals (and in humans as well) can be found in displacement behaviors and stereotypes, (29)______ are proposed to serve communicative functions as well.

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