Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks Light pollution is the existence of too much unwanted, artificial light in the environment. Too much light pollution has (5) _______ effects on people. It upsets ecosystems, has bad health effects, and wastes energy. In upsetting ecosystems, light pollution poses a serious threat in particular to night wildlife, having damaging impacts on plant and animal physiology. It can affect the migratory patterns of animals, change competitive interactions of animals, and cause physiological harm. The rhythm of life as we know it is controlled by the natural daily patterns of light and dark. (6) _______, the disruption to these patterns does harm to the ecological dynamics. With respect to adverse health effects, many species, especially humans, are dependent on natural body cycles, and the production of melatonin, (7) _______ are regulated by light and dark (e.g., day and night). If humans are exposed to light while sleeping, melatonin production can be affected. This can lead to sleep disorders and (8) _______ health problems such as increased headaches, worker fatigue, stress, some forms of obesity due to lack of sleep and increased anxiety. Health effects are not only due to over-illumination or excessive (9) _______ of light over time, but also improper spectral composition of light. (Adapted from https://www.globeatnight.org/light-pollution.php)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

When you grow up, you must learn how to become independent _______ your parents

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions 

A panel of uninterested judges who had never met the contestants before judged the singing contest with justice

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

The journalist had to _______ because what he had written in his article about the celebrity's private life was wrong

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

Last night, she _______ a big diamond ring by her husband-to-be at her birthday party

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges

Jenny and Anna are having a discussion about interesting career options.

- Jenny: "I think teaching is one of the most rewarding jobs because it gives you a chance to create impacts on future generations." 

- Anna: “_________________” 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions 

You were supposed to hand in this assignment two days ago

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 

     I left school and university with my head packed full of knowledge; enough of it, anyway, to pass all the examinations that were put in my path. As a well-educated man I rather expected my work to be a piece of cake, something at which my intellect would allow me to excel without undue effort. It came as something of a shock, therefore, encounter the world outside for the first time, and to realize that I was ill-equipped, not only for the necessary business of earning a living, but more importantly, for coping with all the new decisions which came my way, in both life and work. 

     I was soon to discover that my mind had been trained to deal with closed problems, whereas most of what I now had to deal with were open-ended problems. 'What is the cost of sales?' is a closed problem, one with a right or a wrong answer. 'What should we do about it?' is an open problem, one with any number of possible answers, and I had no experience of taking this type of decision. 

     I had been educated in an individualist culture. My scores were mine. No one else into it, except as competitors in some imagined race. I was on my own in the learning game at school and university. Not so in my work, I soon realized. Being an individual star would not help me there if it was in a failing group. I had discovered, rather later than most, the necessity of others. 

     So much of the content of what I had learned was irrelevant, while the process of learning it had cultivated a set of attitudes and behaviors which were directly opposed to what seemed to be needed in real life. Although I had studied philosophy, I hadn't applied it to myself. It would be nice to think that our schools today prepare people better for life and for work. The subjects may appear to be a little more relevant, but we are still left to learn about work at work, and about life by living it. I believe we could do more to make sure that the process of education had more in common with the processes of living and working as they are today, so that the shock of reality is less cruel. 

(Adapted from New proficiency Gold Coursebook by Jacky Newbrook and Judith Wilson)

The word "undue" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_______. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 

     A recent study suggests that teens' relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don't get a good night's sleep. 

     David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens' sleep. 

     And problems at school also affected teens' sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night's sleep. 

     These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we're happy and contented, we're much more likely to sleep better than if we're sad and anxious. Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It's a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers. Clearly, teenagers aren't getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.

(Adapted from www.mofangge.com/html/qDetail/03/93/.../61359303219584.html) 

What is the passage mainly about? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions 

Some ancient philosophers such as Pythagorus and Aristotle were ahead of their time because he thought that the earth was round

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

When I first traveled by plane, I really felt excited as the plane _______ from the ground

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

The website is managed by volunteers who put in _______ hours of work helping students deal with situations of bullying

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 

     A recent study suggests that teens' relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don't get a good night's sleep. 

     David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens' sleep. 

     And problems at school also affected teens' sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night's sleep. 

     These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we're happy and contented, we're much more likely to sleep better than if we're sad and anxious. Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It's a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers. Clearly, teenagers aren't getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.

(Adapted from www.mofangge.com/html/qDetail/03/93/.../61359303219584.html)

The word "well-being" in paragraph 4 probably means _______. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

The most diligent students, who always put efforts into what they do, will succeed

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions 

In Asian countries, _______ is a form of connection between two families or two clans rather than two people

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 

     I left school and university with my head packed full of knowledge; enough of it, anyway, to pass all the examinations that were put in my path. As a well-educated man I rather expected my work to be a piece of cake, something at which my intellect would allow me to excel without undue effort. It came as something of a shock, therefore, encounter the world outside for the first time, and to realize that I was ill-equipped, not only for the necessary business of earning a living, but more importantly, for coping with all the new decisions which came my way, in both life and work. 

     I was soon to discover that my mind had been trained to deal with closed problems, whereas most of what I now had to deal with were open-ended problems. 'What is the cost of sales?' is a closed problem, one with a right or a wrong answer. 'What should we do about it?' is an open problem, one with any number of possible answers, and I had no experience of taking this type of decision. 

     I had been educated in an individualist culture. My scores were mine. No one else into it, except as competitors in some imagined race. I was on my own in the learning game at school and university. Not so in my work, I soon realized. Being an individual star would not help me there if it was in a failing group. I had discovered, rather later than most, the necessity of others. 

     So much of the content of what I had learned was irrelevant, while the process of learning it had cultivated a set of attitudes and behaviors which were directly opposed to what seemed to be needed in real life. Although I had studied philosophy, I hadn't applied it to myself. It would be nice to think that our schools today prepare people better for life and for work. The subjects may appear to be a little more relevant, but we are still left to learn about work at work, and about life by living it. I believe we could do more to make sure that the process of education had more in common with the processes of living and working as they are today, so that the shock of reality is less cruel. 

(Adapted from New proficiency Gold Coursebook by Jacky Newbrook and Judith Wilson)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned, according to the passage?