Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

     Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. 

     The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays. 

          The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments

Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

What ________ at 9 o'clock last night? I phoned you but couldn't get through to you

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Language is so ________ woven into human experience that it is scarcely possible to imagine life without it

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

     Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. 

     The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays. 

          The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments

Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     Apples are one of the healthiest foods you can eat every day. A traditional American proverb states: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away". But it does not specifically say anything about the best time of day to eat apples. It is generally believed that eating an apple in the morning is good for people, but eating an apple in the evening is like eating poison. 

     There is actually a scientific reason behind this belief. One benefit of apples is that they are a favorable source of fructose, which is a natural form of sugar that gives you a big boost of energy. The energy you get from an apple is longer lasting than that provided by a cup of coffee. Clearly, this is something most people would rather experience in the morning than right before bedtime. 

     Apples also contain high levels of pectin, a kind of dietary fiber. Fiber stimulates bowel movements, which help maintain the health of your digestive system. But if you eat an apple shortly before going to bed, this can cause problems. While you are asleep, your bowels can fill up with gas, making you feel bloated and uncomfortable. You may also wake up several times to use the bathroom, which will prevent you from getting a good night's sleep. 

          Other health benefits of apples come from flavonoids, beta carotene, and B vitamins. Flavonoids are the material that gives flowers and fruits their bright colors, such as the deep red of apples. When eaten, flavonoids can decrease your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other illnesses. Meanwhile, beta carotene helps prevent cancer, and B vitamins provide the body with a wide variety of important benefits. Apparently, starting your day with an apple really can keep the doctor away

The word "that" in paragraph 2 refers to ________ 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

We understand that Ben wants to train to be a pilot

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

He is a rich man. However, he leads a simple life

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     Apples are one of the healthiest foods you can eat every day. A traditional American proverb states: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away". But it does not specifically say anything about the best time of day to eat apples. It is generally believed that eating an apple in the morning is good for people, but eating an apple in the evening is like eating poison. 

     There is actually a scientific reason behind this belief. One benefit of apples is that they are a favorable source of fructose, which is a natural form of sugar that gives you a big boost of energy. The energy you get from an apple is longer lasting than that provided by a cup of coffee. Clearly, this is something most people would rather experience in the morning than right before bedtime. 

     Apples also contain high levels of pectin, a kind of dietary fiber. Fiber stimulates bowel movements, which help maintain the health of your digestive system. But if you eat an apple shortly before going to bed, this can cause problems. While you are asleep, your bowels can fill up with gas, making you feel bloated and uncomfortable. You may also wake up several times to use the bathroom, which will prevent you from getting a good night's sleep. 

          Other health benefits of apples come from flavonoids, beta carotene, and B vitamins. Flavonoids are the material that gives flowers and fruits their bright colors, such as the deep red of apples. When eaten, flavonoids can decrease your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other illnesses. Meanwhile, beta carotene helps prevent cancer, and B vitamins provide the body with a wide variety of important benefits. Apparently, starting your day with an apple really can keep the doctor away

What is the main idea of the passage? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

     Apples are one of the healthiest foods you can eat every day. A traditional American proverb states: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away". But it does not specifically say anything about the best time of day to eat apples. It is generally believed that eating an apple in the morning is good for people, but eating an apple in the evening is like eating poison. 

     There is actually a scientific reason behind this belief. One benefit of apples is that they are a favorable source of fructose, which is a natural form of sugar that gives you a big boost of energy. The energy you get from an apple is longer lasting than that provided by a cup of coffee. Clearly, this is something most people would rather experience in the morning than right before bedtime. 

     Apples also contain high levels of pectin, a kind of dietary fiber. Fiber stimulates bowel movements, which help maintain the health of your digestive system. But if you eat an apple shortly before going to bed, this can cause problems. While you are asleep, your bowels can fill up with gas, making you feel bloated and uncomfortable. You may also wake up several times to use the bathroom, which will prevent you from getting a good night's sleep. 

          Other health benefits of apples come from flavonoids, beta carotene, and B vitamins. Flavonoids are the material that gives flowers and fruits their bright colors, such as the deep red of apples. When eaten, flavonoids can decrease your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other illnesses. Meanwhile, beta carotene helps prevent cancer, and B vitamins provide the body with a wide variety of important benefits. Apparently, starting your day with an apple really can keep the doctor away

Which of the following gives people a big boost of energy? 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Meteorologists use special________ to measure changes in the weather.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges

Sophia and Kyoko talked to each other about how to learn English. 

- Sophia: "How did you learn English?" 

- Kyoko: “________________.” 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

The first half of the game was pretty boring because the players did not take enough effort

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Having been found guilty of theft, ________ to find a job in his chosen field as an accountant

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

"Why don't you try using a screw-driver?” he said to me

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word(s) to each of the questions. You get off your plane and make your way to the Baggage Reclaim area. After quite some time spent waiting, there is no sign of your bags and you begin to consider the possibility that they may have gone (34) ________. What should you do? Firstly, don't panic. The most likely (35) ________ is that your bags simply didn't make it onto the flight, perhaps because they were mislaid at the departure airport, or perhaps because the aircraft had already (36) ________ its weight allowance. If they fail to appear on the carousel, report the loss before you leave the baggage hall and go through customs. Recovering your luggage should be no problems, (37) ________ you've kept hold of your baggage checks – those little barcodes stuck to the back of your tickets at check-in. Go to the handling agent's desk and complete a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) form, (38) ________ describes the checked bag and its contents. Then, ask the baggage-service manager for a contact telephone number and confirm that your bags will be forwarded to your final destination

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

We've been together through ________ in our friendship, and we won't desert each other now