Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures.

With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther north to go.

Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear.

Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.

Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ______.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

In spite of her abilities, Laura has been ______ overlooked for promotion. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

In some countries, the disease burden could be prevented through environmental improvements. 

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Only one of our gifted students _____ to participate in the final competition. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

I will not stand for your bad attitude any longer. 

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I wonder who drank all the milk yesterday. It ______ have been Jane because she was out all day. 

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Five thousand dollars _______ big sum of money. It’s worth trying. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

He was successful because he was determined to pursue personal goals. He was not talented. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______? 

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The pool should not be made so deep ______ small children can be safe there. 

The Lake District, ______ was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists every year.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

A small _____ of this medicine should be enough to lessen the pain. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 

International students should (A) take full use (B) of (C) tutorial (D) appointments. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

We all agree that she is ______ student in our class.

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He succeeded _______ getting a scholarship. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

I did not arrive in time. I was not able to see her off.