* Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

   The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-culture communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterpart.

   Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.

   In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash, an image that succeeds only in undermining the negotiation.

   In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been indentified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while subverting the negotiator's position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-culture misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.

   Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.

The word undermining in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .................... 

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An only child often creates an .................. friend to play with.

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It is not easy to .................. our beauty when we get older and older.

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Some researchers have just .................. a survey of young people’s points of view on contractual marriage.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

She decided to remain celibate and devote her life to helping the homeless and orphans.

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He has a very outgoing .................. and makes friends very easily.

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She showed her .................. by asking lots of trivial questions.

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“If I were you, I'd tell him the truth, ” she said to me.

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They decided to divorce and Mary is .................. to get the right to raise the child.

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People are advised to .................. smoking because of its harm to their health.

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There are few areas of human experience that have not been writing about.

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Not a word .................. since the exam started.

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He clearly had no .................. of doing any work, although it was only a week till the exam.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

The workers finished their work. They left for home.

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I find that necessary to do something about traffic problem in our city.

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