The word associated in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 38.

WATER: OUR MOST PRECIOUS RESOURCE

      There are (34) __________ people around the world who do not have enough water for their daily needs. And as the world’s population increases, so does the demand for water. Today, nearly 20% of the world's population live in areas (35) __________ there isn't sufficient fresh water. Not only that, but 25% live in developing countries that suffer from frequent water (36)__________. They lack the systems necessary to carry the water from the rivers to where it would be used.

      If there is not enough clean water to drink, people will drink water of poor quality. This can increase the risk of (37) __________ diseases such as cholera and dysentery. Water is a precious resource, but in countries with above-average rainfall, like the UK or Holland, it is often taken for granted. (38) __________ , with anticipated increase in global temperatures in years to come, we should all learn to be less wasteful.

(Adapted from Oxford Exam Trainer by Helen Weale)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 43.

      RoboCup is a football competition that has taken place every year since 1997. But the players are not human; they are robots. The competition's full name is ‘Robot Soccer World Cup’, and the aim is to create, by the middle of the 21st century, a team of robot footballers that are able to play against and beat the winners of the real World Cup.

      In order for robots to play football, robotics companies have had to develop special technologies. A robot can't just run onto the field and start kicking the ball. So each robot is fitted with a webcam which is connected to a computer inside the robot. The robot is able to see where the other players are, where the goal is and, most importantly, where the ball is. They are programmed to make their own decisions and during the match the robots' creators are not allowed to tell them what to do. The robots are, however, able to communicate with other members of their team, via a wireless network.

      There is a long way to go before robots will be able to compete against humans. They need to become more intelligent and become able to react more quickly and anticipate the game. But the technologies that are being developed for scoring goals have other uses as well. It may be possible to develop robots that can be used in search and rescue, for example, finding people trapped in buildings after earthquakes. They may not be as fun to watch as real footballers, but at least they don't demand enormous salaries!

(Adapted from Solutions 3rd Edition by Tim Falla and Paul A Davies)

Farmers are concerned that their food-bearing plants may be subjective to the rigours of a harsh winter.

With lack of fresh water and poor sanitation, people living in this small area face a threat of developing infectious diseases.

It’s expected that printed books have been replaced by e-books in the future.

The last time I updated my Facebook status was 6 months ago.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

_______, she will have graduated from university.

These clothes are being sold at a discount, but few people buy it.