Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

Urbanisation is a trend with no end. It is estimated that up to 66% of all people will live in cities by 2050. At the forefront of potential problems that this may cause are environmental, social and economic sustainability. The smart city is one solution.

Wireless connectivity is changing the way we see and control traditional elements in our daily city lives. Streetlights with sensors are able to detect available parking spaces and alert drivers where they not only can park their cars but charge them as well. They can also turn themselves off, saving energy, and turn back on when it senses a car or person in close proximity. High-powered LEDs can alert commuters of traffic congestion and re-route them and, at the same time, provide severe weather warnings. Rubbish bins can send data to the waste management authorities, alerting them to pick up the bins when they are close to full, rather than the inefficient method of a weekly schedule, which may not be needed at all.

However, smart cities also come with their drawbacks. One argument against the implementation of smart cities is that it will cause people to become even more reliant on technology and oblivious to their surroundings. It’s quite common these days to have a person walking down the street, staring into their smart phone, unaware of their surroundings. These people cross the street at a red light, bump into strangers or even fall off a ledge marked as off-limits.

1. Will urbanisation start to slow down in 2050? Why?

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Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 10:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 9:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 8:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 7:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 6:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 5:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 4:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 3:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 2:

Listen to John Keith, a fitness instructor, talking about four types of physical activity. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each blank. Your browser does not support the audio element.

My name’s John Keith and I’ve been a fitness instructor for more than ten years. Today I’d like to talk about the precautions we all need to take when doing different types of physical activity. Aerobic exercise seem very simple and easy to do. However, studies have shown that if you do your(1)_________outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid. This can lead to heat stroke. You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pase regularly to drink more. You should also exercise early in the(2)________when it’s not too hot. Next is simming. It’s very important to be safe in the water. Swimming pools may look safe, but you should always(3)________the pool water before jumping in. Cold water can make your blood pressure and heart rate go(4)_______. Make sure you have warmed up your boby by stretching or jumping. Don’t swim in bad weather, especially in the rivers, lakes or the sea. If you are swimming and lightning strikes, you risk serious(5)_______or death.

Now, how about yoga? This exercise may look easy and suitable for people of all(6)_____. However, if it’s not done properly, it can do more(7)_______than good. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga practice. This will relax your(8)____and prevent any dammage to your joints.__________ The last type of physical activity is fitness(9)_______. First, you need good(10)______to keep you comfortable and pain-free. Next, when yo walk, don’t look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain. Finally, remember to bring water with you and drink at least 150ml for every 15 minutes of walking. That’s all from me for today. Hope you find these safety precautions useful. Thanks for listening.

Question 1: