Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Jonas Salk is the American physician and medical researcher who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for poliomyelitis. Salk received his M.D. in 1939 from New York University College of Medicine, where he worked with Thomas Francis Jr., who was studying how to develop vaccines from killed viruses. Salk joined Francis in 1942 at the University of Michigan School of Public Health and became part of a group that was working to develop a vaccine against influenza.

In 1947, Salk became associate professor of bacteriology and head of the Virus Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, where he began research on poliomyelitis. Working with scientists from other universities in a program to classify the various strains of the polio virus, Salk corroboratedother studies in identifying three separate strains. He then demonstrated that killed virus of each of the three, although incapable of producing the disease, could induce antibody formation in monkeys.

In 1952, he conducted field tests of his killed-virus vaccine, first on children who had recovered from polio and then on subjects who had not had the disease. The results of both tests showed that the children’s antibody levels rose significantly and no subjects contracted polio from the vaccine. His findings were published the following year in the Journal of the American Medical Association. In 1954, a mass field trial was held, and the vaccine, injected by needle, was found to safely reduce the incidence of polio. On April 12,1955, the vaccine was released for use in the United States. Salk served successively as professor of bacteriology, preventive medicine, and experimental medicine at Pittsburgh, and in 1963, he became fellow and director of the Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, California, later called the Salk Institute. Among many other honors, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977.

What is the main idea of the passage?

Instant messaging enables you to get (26) ____________touch with somebody immediately and talk in real time to that person in a (27) ____________artificial while seemingly urgent way.

Rarely have I visited____________Bangkok, the capital of Thailand.

We should husband our resources to make sure we can make it through these hard times.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Instant messaging enables you to get (26) ____________touch with somebody immediately and talk in real time to that person in a (27) ____________artificial while seemingly urgent way. Instant messaging discourages self-censoring, voice clues, or reality-based feedback loop. If you're angry with one another (or even if you're not), you may end (28) ____________typing something that you might not have said if you had a little longer to think it through. Although you do get an instant response, it's not the same as a conversation, so things like tone, (29) ____________of humour, body language, and irony really do get (30) ____________in typing. No matter how you cut it, communicating through the Internet really is simply typing. Chat rooms are another part of the fantasy world of the Internet. They've been known to be very disruptive to relationships even when they're not suggestive or pornographic, and when they are.

How well people remember things____________on many different factors,

Hoa: "Well, I hope you enjoyed your meal."

Mai:" ____________"

Such a doctor____________retire from his job before the retirement age.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) It's thirty years (B) since this (C) fifty-storeys building (D) was built.

She said, "Tim, I'll show you round my city."

Governments should____________some international laws against terrorism,

My husband has lost his job, so we'll have to tighten our belt to avoid getting into debt.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

My mother has____________for a bargain.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

If she passes the exam, her parents will be walking on air.

I walked away as calmly as I could. ____________, they would have thought I was a thief.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.