What does the word “who” in the last paragraph refer to?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE RISE OF OLDER CITIES

    Many older cities are having modern makeovers and they are being given a new (23) ____. Sometimes the impetus for this type of change comes from the need to provide new facilities for particular events being held in the city - a sporting event, or something similar. On other occasions the change just seems to take place almost naturally.

    Take Birmingham, for instance, (24) ____ it was previously an unfashionable place to live, it has now become trendy, and this change has been brought about largely by the new-look architecture that can be found everywhere in the city. The old shopping centre has been knocked down and completely rebuilt, and new shopping malls are (25) ________ to attract shoppers with the high quality of their services and goods. The area located around the canal, once hidden away and surrounded by decaying factories was often used as a rubbish tip, but it has now become a trendy place made up of modern offices, bars, sought-after apartments and restaurants. To (26)______ up, Birmingham has become the place to be. Even in what was formerly the poorest part of the city an old factory has been converted into a lively complex of studios, galleries and coffee bars. With its theatres, museums and football teams Birmingham is (27) ____ worth visiting and has something for everyone.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

No sooner had James begun his new job than he knew his decision was wrong.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Over the last century, there ____ many significant changes in the way we live.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Although many people use the word "milk" to ____ to cows’ milk, it also applies to milk from any animal, including human milk and goat's milk.

I had no idea that you and he were on such intimate__________. I thought you were only casual acquaintances.

That the patient's condition had worsened so quickly surprising the doctor.

______ colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide _____ tertiary education.

Many new medicines today eradicate diseases before they become too widespread.

- "How about some chocolate?" – “____”

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

We are aware that, ____, the situation will get worse.