Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

     In Africa, people celebrate with joy the birth of a new baby. The Pygmies would sing a birth-song to the child. In Kenya, the mother takes the baby strapped to her back into the thorn enclosure where the cattle are kept. There, her husband and the village elders wait to give the child his or her name.  

     In West Africa, after the baby is eight days old, the mother takes the baby for its first walk in the big, wide world, and friends and family are invited to meet the new baby. In various African nations, they hold initiation ceremonies for groups of children instead of birthdays. When children reach a certain designated age, they learn the laws, beliefs, customs, songs and dances of their tribes. Some African tribes consider that children from nine to twelve are ready to be initiated into the grown-up world. They may have to carry out several tests.  

     Maasai boys around thirteen years old to seventeen undergo a two-stage initiation. The first stage lasts about three months. The boys leave their parents' homes, paint their bodies white, and are taught how to become young warriors. At the end of this stage, they have their heads shaved and they are also circumcised. At the second stage, the young warriors grow their hair long and live in a camp called a “manyatta" where they practice hunting the wild animals that might attack the Maasai herds. This stage may last a few years. When they are ready, they will marry and become owners of large cattle herds like their fathers. The girls are initiated when they are fourteen or fifteen. They are taught by the older women about the duties of marriage and how to care for babies. Soon after that they are married and lead a life similar to that of their mothers.  

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

SOUNDS FROM THE PAST

     Much of the music we listen to today is a mixture of styles from various countries and time periods. A lot of music has (25) __________ in older traditional songs heard in many different countries around the world. Traditional, (26) __________ music is collected over decades, if not centuries. Younger generations learn these songs from their elders through practice and repetition. 

     Since music can tell us a lot about different cultures (27) __________ its lyrics, melodies, and the instrument used, researchers and music fans see it as an essential part of history. They fear that traditional and older types of music are slowly disappearing, partly because they are less likely to be written down or recorded, or because the format in which they are recorded is no longer (28) __________ Also, younger generations may not find such music very appealing, so once older generations pass away, the music may die (29) __________ them. Whole genres of music may go extinct.

The martins have confirmed their strong __________ to charity actions by donating a lump sum of money again.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

Peter knew he wouldn't get __________ with cheating in the exam.

If I __________ you were going to the post office, I would have asked you to buy me some stamps.

We sometimes go away from the city to the countryside for a __________ of fresh air.

The teacher explained the lesson twice __________ the students didn't understand it.

In order for this appliance to function__________ the safety screws must be removed.

He has no __________ of reading that book. It is "hard-to-pick-up-again".

On 21 February 1916, the defenders at Verdun were__________ to the heaviest bombardment that had ever occurred up to that time.

Donald Trump is the President of __________United States.

Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.