Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.

        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.

        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

Why were the telephone, radio, and television invented?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

There have been significant changes in women’s lives since the women’s liberation movement.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

“Shall I carry the suitcase for you, Mary?”, said John.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

In my attempt to win a place at university, I am under a lot of pressure.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

In Western culture, it is polite to maintain eye contact during conversation.

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My brother ______ while he ______ his bicycle and hurt himself.

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You should use this cream ______ the sun from damaging your skin.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 31 to 35. Fill in the appropriate word in question 35

          In Japan, politeness and good manners are very important and business meetings are very formal. Business cards are also important and they (31) ________ these at the beginning of a meeting. They always look at them carefully, so you should do the same as they might think you're rude if you don't. A lot of communication is non-verbal. They are very good listeners and may ask a lot of questions to (32)_____ they understand everything.

          In a conversation they wait longer before they reply than westerners do, so it's important (33)_______ speak in those long pauses but to wait for their reply. In their culture it's rude to ask direct questions or to say 'No' or 'I disagree'. In business it takes a long time to (34)_______ a decision because they have to ask everyone in the company. When they say 'Yes' it may mean 'I understand', not 'I agree', and when they smile it might be because they don't know (35)_______ to say.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Anna: “I think we should recycle these bags. It will help protect the environment.”

  John: “ __________________. ”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the undelined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

My manager wanted to know that whether I was taking much money with me to France.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The director deputy ______ the responsibility for organizing meetings and conferences.

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He expected ______ for an Oscar, but he wasn’t.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Rodney ______ for the company for very long before he was promoted.

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It was on March 19th, 1876 ______ the first telephone call was made.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

John said he ______ to visit me the day after.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Nothing unusual happened, _______?