Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The different appearance of animals is chiefly superficial; the diverse variety of known forms can be assorted among only a half -dozen basic body plans.

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_______ more help, I could call my neighbor.

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I wish you ______ making that noise. It’s bothering me.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The person sits (A)next to me is someone(B) whom (C)I’ve never met.(D)

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The accused denied ______ in the vicinity of the murder scene.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

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______ other mammals, whales do not have a sense of smell.

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His father (A)prefers that(B)  he attends(C) a different university. .(D)

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_______ most brilliant Greek inventor war Archimedes, who lived about 2250 years ago.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

After John had wrote (A)the letter he decided (B)it was not appropriate so he tore it up (C)and put it in the wastebasket. .(D)

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Thomas Malthus claimed that disease, war, famine, and _____ act as checks on population growth.

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Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 22

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson’s belief ______ the individual freedom of all people greatly influenced later American thinkers.