Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

No sooner had she begun (A)to sing when(B) her audience began (C)to applaud and cheer so loudly.(D) she stopped and bowed.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

It would be both(A)noticed and appreciating(B) if you could finish the work(C) before you leave. .(D)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The person sits (A)next to me is someone(B) whom (C)I’ve never met.(D)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

After John had wrote (A)the letter he decided (B)it was not appropriate so he tore it up (C)and put it in the wastebasket. .(D)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

His father (A)prefers that(B)  he attends(C) a different university. .(D)

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

What is the main topic of this passage?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

Why is Pedro Ponce de Leon mentioned?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

The word “tutored” in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

“This school’s method” in line 11 refers to which school?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

According to the passage, what was the principal achievement of Juan Boner?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

The word “institution” in bold in paragraph 4 refers to______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

Why does the author suggest that the first school for the deaf was opened in 1817?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

The word “influential” in bold in paragraph 4 means _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

What is the distinction of Gallaudet College?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 15.

The education of dead people has a long history. In the past, some educators preferred to teach sign language, a method of communicating with one’s hands, while others emphasized trying to teach deaf people to speak.The first known teacher of the deaf was Pedro Ponce De Leon, a Benedictine monk, who tutored children of the nobility in the 1570s. He had some success in teaching deaf children to speak and write. A former pupil of his indicated that Ponce de Leon used both a manual Alphabet and oral methods. France was one of the leaders in education of the deaf. There, around 1600, Juan Bonet and Manuel Ramirez de carrion worked with a young child who had lost his hearing. Bonet later wrote and published the first book on teaching the deaf. Bonet taught his pupil a signed alphabet that is very close to the one 6 used today in the United States. In 1775 in Paris, Abbe Charles Michel de I'Epee founded a free school for deaf pupils that taught sign language. Over the school for deaf people that taught sign language. Over the next several decades, this school's method of teaching students sign language became famous as the "French method".In America, the first school for deaf students was not founded Until April 15, 1817, probably because that was when an American city had a concentration of people large enough to sustain a permanent institution. Thomas Gallaudet founded this first school, the American Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located in Hartford, Connecticut, and now called the American School for the Deaf. Gallaudet hired a deaf French man, Laurent Clerc, to teach at his school. Clerc created the sign language system used in the school, and trained many of the first teachers in his techniques. Hence Clerc was one of the most influential educators in early American deaf education.In 1857, Edward Minor Gallaudet, a son of Thomas Gallaudet, became principal of the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Washington, D.C, which eventually became Gallaudet college, the only liberal arts institution for the deaf. Edward Gallaudet advocated a combination of oral and manual methods of deaf education.

 “Advocated” in bold in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 18

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 19

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 20

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 21

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 22

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 23

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 24

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 25

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase the best fits each of the number blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27

A NIGHTMARE OF NOISE

Accordingto a recent TV program, noise pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Background noise such as (18)_____, police sirens and aeroplanes is growing year by year, and complaints to the police are becoming more and more (19)_____. However, for people like Mary Norman, who lives close to London Heathrow airport, the situation is particularly bad. “It’s becoming very difficult to (20)_____ a normal family life,’ she told an interviewer, ‘because the planes start first thing in the morning. They make a terrible noise, as you can imagine, and it (21)_____ on all day long. Of course I have complained about it but nobody takes any notice. I’m fed (22)_____ with living here, but unfortunately I can’t afford to move.”

Researchers believe that the problem is getting worse. They have found that people who are exposed to high levels of noise become (23)_____ aggressive. Take the case of Henry Wilson, who was (24)_____ mad by a neighbor who insisted on playing his music at full volume. One night, he finally lost his (25)_____. After being forced to listen to heavy metal songs for hours, he burst into his neighbor’s house, poured petrol all over the carpets and (26)_____ to set fire to the place.

When he finally appeared in court, the judge was surprisingly understanding. He (27)_____ to send him to jail, saying that he had suffered enough.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

You’re better speed up if you want to get there in time.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

My aunt is very generous old woman. She has given most of her wealth to a charity organization.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "adversely" is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "altered"  in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Natural pollutants can play an important role in controlling air pollution for which of the following reasons?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

According to the passage, which of the following is true about human-generated air pollution in localized regions?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "noxious' is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

According to the passage, the numerical valued of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if_____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 33 to 42.    

A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetations, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled-a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.     Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil on a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting form human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.     In this localized regions, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycle. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

To the naked eye, this silk appears to be smooth, but under the microscope, cultivated silk fiber looks coarse.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Industrial cities appeared after the full development of industrial capitalism in the core nation- stages of the eighteenth century.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The different appearance of animals is chiefly superficial; the diverse variety of known forms can be assorted among only a half -dozen basic body plans.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Thomas Malthus claimed that disease, war, famine, and _____ act as checks on population growth.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Peter: “Is this your first trip to the Far East?” John: “_________”.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Mt. Everest,_______, is in th Himalayas.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

After twenty years collecting stamps, Mike ______ interested in them.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

______ other mammals, whales do not have a sense of smell.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

______ in 1607, Jamestown in Virginia was the first settlement in the New World.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The film is a time travel adventure and I found it very entertaining though my companion felt that it ______ a bit.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Jane: “Sorry.” Tom: “__________.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I was looking for my brother and I ran ______ him a block from the library.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The teacher was worried about the play her young class was putting on for the parents fortunately, everything ______ off without any problems.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_______, tobacco farmers had not yet felt its effect.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

This is the second time that you have been here, _______?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_______ more help, I could call my neighbor.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

John, the boy who sat beside me in class, used to wear _____ shirt to school.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s belief ______ the individual freedom of all people greatly influenced later American thinkers.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The accused denied ______ in the vicinity of the murder scene.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Jack didn’t like driving on the freeways, but after a while he ______ it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

_______ most brilliant Greek inventor war Archimedes, who lived about 2250 years ago.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I wish you ______ making that noise. It’s bothering me.