Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
LEVELS OF VOCABULARY
Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.
Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.
Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.
It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the
society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.
Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.
How is slang defined by the author?
A. Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage.
B. Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries.
C. Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.
D. Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage.
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án D.
Dịch câu hỏi: Tiếng lóng được xác định bởi tác giả như thế nào?
A. Các từ và cụm từ được chấp nhận bởi phần lớn cách sử dụng chính thức.
B. Các từ hoặc cụm từ được hiểu bởi đa số nhưng không được tìm thấy trong từ điển chuẩn.
C. Các từ hoặc cụm từ được hiểu bởi nhóm người nói bị hạn chế.
D. Các từ hoặc cụm từ được hiểu bởi một số lượng lớn người nói nhưng không được chấp nhận là sử dụng chính thức.
(Ý trong bài: Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. ==>Tiếng lóng, đề cập đến các từ và các cách diễn đạt được hiểu bởi một số lượng lớn người nói nhưng không được chấp nhận là sử dụng chính thức phù hợp bởi đa số mọi người.)
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
My cousin tends to look on the bright side in any circumstance.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Today’s weather will be a_____________ of yesterday.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
The new laws to conserve wildlife in the area will come into force next month.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
She_________regretted having been so unkind.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
She pointed out that her wages ________ no relation to the amount of work she did.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
I have to take up my dress. I step on it all the time.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Valentine’s Day, _______ from Roman, is now celebrated all over the world.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The preparations _______ by the time the guests arrived.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Although the patient’s condition is serious, she seems to be out of___________.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
The older he grew, the more forgetful he became.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
I am very glad (A) that you have done (B) lots of progress (C) this (D) semester.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
