Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

The word "jolting" mostly means _____ .

Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful _____ on their crops.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class.

It's no use ____ make him _____ his mind.

Efforts are underway to protect endangered species from further human ________, but in many areas it is already too late.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The film was taken apart on the grounds that it glorifies violence.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

On hearing the proposal of the project, all staff threw cold water on his initial plans, which caused him a complete upset.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheets to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Human memory (A), formerly was believed (B ) to be rather inefficient, (C) is really much more sophisticated than that of a (D) computer.

The doctor gave her a ______ check-up so as to discover the cause of her breakdown.

Mark the letter A. B. C. or D on your answer sheer to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Two friends are talking about their evening plans.

- Janet: “______ ”

- Susan: “What a shame!”

Many teachers suggest that final examinations be ____, an innovation I heartily support.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheets to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Assuring (A) the reliability and purity of the water supply (B) is one of the more significant challenges facing (C) an ever growing (D) world population.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Efforts by the government agency to improve its work were hampered by lack of funds.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

I'm sure Mary was very disappointed when she failed to get the scholarship.

_______ , follow the signs for „Arrivals' unless you are transferring to another plane at the same airport.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Humans generally spent more time working than do other creatures, but there is greater variability in industriousness from one human culture to the next than is seen in subgroups of any other species. For instance, the average French worker toils for 1,646 hours a year; the average American for 1,957 hours; and the average Japanese for 2,088.

One reason for human diligence is that people, unlike animals, can often override the impulses they may feel to slow down. They can drink coffee when they might prefer a nap or flick on the air-conditioning when the heat might otherwise demand torpor. Many humans are driven to work hard by a singular desire to gather resources far beyond what is required for survival. Squirrels may collect what they need to make it through one winter but only humans worry about collect bills, retirement, or replacing their old record albums with compact discs.

Among other primates, if you don't need to travel around to get food for that day, you sit down and relax, said Dr.Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlarita. "it's typically human to try to accumulate wealth and get more and more.”

Much of the acquisitiveness is likely to be the result of cultural training. Anthropologists have found that most hunter-gatherer groups, who live day to day on the resources they can kill or forage and who stash very little away for the future generally work only three to five hours daily.

Indeed, an inborn temptation to reduce may lurk beneath even the most work-obsessed people, which could explain why sloth ranks with lust and gluttony as one of the seven deadly sins.

The passage is a combination of contrast and _______ .