Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

   Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.

   In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.   

   While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterature societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modem societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.

   In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals: it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?

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We should participate in the movements .................. the natural environment.

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When his parents are away, his oldest brother..................

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Paris has (A) been well-known about (B) its famous monuments, beautiful (C) music, and wonderful restaurants for over (D) 100 years.

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Fiona is very angry .................. her boss’s decision to sack several members of staff.

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He hurried .................. he wouldn’t be late for class.

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We are going to build a fence around the field with ..................  to breeding sheep and cattle

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He's left his book at home; he's always so..................

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Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.

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What beautiful eyes..................!

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Crazianna is a big country. Unfortunately, it has never received respect from its neighbours.

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I am glad I was able to be there for my friend when her mom died..

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It is important that cancer is (A) diagnosed and treated as early as possible (B) in order to assure (C) a successful cure (D).

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The meeting didn’t.................. until late.

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I whispered as I didn't want anybody to hear our conversation.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Jenny: “Thank you very much for your donation, Mr. Robinson.”

   - Mr. Robinson: “....................................”