Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 6

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 7

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 8

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 9

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 10

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 11

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 12

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 13

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 14

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 15

Music is universal - it is produced by all cultures. Some scientists believe that music came before speech and (6) ______ as a development of mating calls. In fact, there is one theory that the (7) ______ languages were chanted or sung, rather than spoken. Indeed, in some cultures, music is a form of (8) ______ history. The Aboriginal Australians, for example, use music as a means to (9) ______ on stories of the land and spirits to the next (10)________.

New evidence suggests that music does not just (11) ______ the feel - good factor but it is also good for the brain. A study of intellectually (12) ______ children showed that they could recall more (13)_________ after it was given to them in a song than after it was read to them as a story. Researchers also report that people score better on a standard intelligence test after listening to Mozart. The so-called “Mozart effect” has also been (14) ______ by findings that rats (15)________ up on Mozart run faster through a complex network of paths or passages, known as a maze. Overall, it seems that in most instances people who suffer from any form of mental illness benefit from listening to music.

Điền vào ô 15

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

By reading the instructions carefully, (A)  mistakes on the examination (B) can (C) be avoided.(D)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

When (A) they lose their jobs, they also (B) lose their self-confidence, or believe (C) in their own (D) ability

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The popularity of soccer in the United States were increased (A) significantly (B) by the playing (C) of the World Cup in cities throughout the country in 1994.(D)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

In Japan, pubilc schools are all (A) both free and egalitarian: all students (B) are considered equally (C) and learn the (D) same material.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

In recent years (A) great advances forward (B) have (C) been made in the field of genetic research.(D)

Tom: “Thank you for your help.” – Jane: “_________.”

There are 73 million people around the world aged 15-24 _________ want to work but cannot find a job

Bob would have paid _______ for the car if the salesman had insisted, because he wife really wanted it.

You must choose the career you find most ______ in terms of pay, working conditions and job satisfaction

In this part of the course we will _____ special attention to spoken language.

Jane agreed to help her sister with the homework ______ the slightest hesitation

My computer ______ when I was checking in for a flight at the airport.

When Kim moved to London she had a hard time _______ a flat because rents are so high

He’s wearing the ______ shirt which his sister bought for him when she visited him last Sunday

You _______ criticised him in front of his friends. It was extremely insensitive of you.

______ his speech when a young man stood up to ask a question.

Because technology changes fast, workers need continuing education if they want to _____ the field.

Greg is determined to travel alone _______ his friends’ warnings.

He will only pass the examination if there is a(n) ________ in his class work

If she ________ a lot of Japanese already, she would have found the change very hard

Peter: “Do you like going to the cinema this evening, Susan?” – Susan: “__________.”

All that noise makes it hard to concentrate _______ the book which I am trying to read.

When you are introduced to someone, you ________ be sure to stand up before shake hands.

She was unable to warn her brother that she would be late because the telephone was _______.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

It is difficult for some people to focus on work when they are at home. The refrigerator, TV, and their children distract them.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Teachers nowadays are up to their ears in administration and don’t have much time for teaching.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The education system is a mirror that reflects the culture.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluent cities is improving, but what about cities that aren’t rich

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Take your time, think the matter over carefully, and then tell me what you’ve decided.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

According to the passage, one of the main purposes of the GPs is to______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

The word pinpoint could best be replaced by ________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

The expression “run to” is closest in meaning to _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

Which of the following could be of NO value to increase crop yields?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

What is the most expensive part of farming for farmers?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

The word it’s  refers to _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

The word yields is closest in meaning to _______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

It can be inferred from the passage that a farmer would use his computer to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Farming has come a long way since the days of horse-drawn plows, and now it’s heading swiftly into the twenty-first century. Research at Indiana’s Purdue University uses the Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) to help increase crop yields and reduce chemical use. GPS uses satellite signals to determine location within inches. Under Purdue’s scheme, a farmer out in the field would use a GPS receiver mounted on his vehicle to pinpoint his position. A computer linked to the receiver and programmed with the field’s soil conditions – which can vary widely from one area to another – would tell the farmer precisely where the plant and how much pesticide and fertilizer to use at that specific site. “Currently the number one cost to the famer is chemicals” say Gary Kurtz, a Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue. Site-specific farming can increase yields while reducing chemical use.

But the cost of this new technology may be too high for the small farmer. The cost of taking and testing soil samples every few feet in a farmer’s field is a limiting factor. Soil tests can run $7 to  $8 each. Mark Morgan, assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering at Purdue and his graduate assistants are working on a sensor to be attached to the front of a farm implement, enabling the farmer to perform his own soil tests on the go.

According to the passage, the phrase “on the go” has the meaning of ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

The word “ornaments” in bold in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

The passage mainly discusses costume in terms of its _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

Why does the author mention the police officer’s uniform in the last paragraph?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

Psychological reasons for wearing garments include _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

The word “investing” in bold in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

The word “scale” in bold in the last paragraph refers to _____.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

Which of the following would most likely NOT be reflected in a person’s costume, as it is defined in the passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflects social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reasons such as protecting ourselves from the elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of the ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all periods children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

The word “denotes” in bold in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.