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Đề thi thử THPTQG năm 2019 chuẩn cấu trúc của bộ giáo dục có đáp án (Đề số 3)

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Danh sách câu hỏi

Câu 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Your drink cost $40, you gave me a $50 note and here is your _______.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: Đồ uống của cô hết 40 đô la, cô đưa cho tôi một tờ 50 đô la và đây là tiền thừa trả lại.

A. change (n): tiền thừa

B. supply (n): cung cấp

C. cash (n): tiền mặt

D. cost (n): trị giá

- Here is your change: Đây là tiền trả lại của anh.

Đáp án A là phù hợp nhất.

MEMORIZE

- note (n): lời ghi chú, lời chú giải; thư nhắn; phiếu, giấy, tiền giấy; nốt, phím

- note (v): ghi chép, chú ý, chú thích

- to make/ take notes: ghi chép

- to take note of: chú ý đến

- to drop sb a note: gửi cho ai một bức thư ngắn


Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

People can become very _______ when they are stuck in traffic for a long time.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch: Mọi người thường trở nên rất nóng tính khi họ bị tắc đường lâu.

A. single-minded (adj): chuyên tâm, có một mục đích duy nhất

B. bad-tempered (adj): hay cáu, dễ nổi cáu, xấu tính

C. even-tempered (adj): điềm đạm, bình thản

D. even-handed (adj): công bằng, vô tư


Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Jasmine, _______ , grows only in warm places

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn dạng rút gọn, chỉ còn cụm danh từ.

Tạm dịch: Hoa nhài, một loài cây thân leo với những bông hoa thơm ngát, mọc chủ yếu ở những vùng khí hậu ấm áp.


Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Our car _______ because it’s not where it’s normally parked in the parking lot.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Cấu trúc: must have + PP: ắt hẳn là, chắc đã (Chỉ một kết luận logic trên những hiện tượng xảy ra ở quá khứ).

Tạm dịch: Xe của chúng tôi ắt hẳn là đã bị đánh cắp bởi vì nó không còn ở chỗ chúng tôi hay đậu trong bãi đỗ xe


Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Though we were _______ after hard-working days, we tried to help our parents redecorate the house to welcome Tet

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

A. exhaustion: sự kiệt sức

B. exhausted: cảm thay kiệt sức

C. exhausting: việc gì làm ai kiệt sức

D. exhaustive: đầy đủ, chi tiết

Tạm dịch: Mặc dù chúng tôi cảm thấy kiệt sức sau những ngày làm việc vất vả, chúng tôi đã cố gắng giúp cha mẹ trang trí lại nhà cửa để đón Tết.


Câu 6:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

At the 2015 Women in the World Summit, Hillary Clinton asserted that “ _______ cultural codes, religious beliefs and structural biases have to be changed”.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: Tại Hội nghị Thượng đỉnh Phụ nữ Thế giới năm 2015, Hillary Clinton đã nhấn mạnh rằng những tập tục văn hoá cổ hủ, niềm tin tôn giáo và định kiến truyền thống phải được thay đổi".

- assert /əˈsɜːt/ (v): xác nhận, khẳng định, quả quyết, quyết đoán

- deep-seated (adj): sâu kín, ngấm ngầm,(nghĩa bóng) chắc chắn, vững chắc


Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

It’s important that we _______ this message _______ to young people.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Tạm dịch: Chúng ta cần phải làm cho giới trẻ hiểu rõ thông điệp này.

- get sth over (to sb) = make sth clear (to sb): làm cho ai rõ điều gì


Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Miss Diligent did nine hour’s _______ studying a day for her exam

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch: Cô Diligent đã học liên tục 9 tiếng một ngày để chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi.

- solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ (adj): liên tục, không ngừng (khoảng thời gian)

Ex: - The essay represents a solid week's work.

- It rained for two hours solid this afternoon


Câu 9:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

“At the start of the 19th century, the highest- _______ newspaper in the United Kingdom was The Morning Post, which sold around 4,000 copies per day.”

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Tạm dịch: Vào đầu thế kỷ 19, tờ báo có lượng phát hành cao nhất của Vương quốc Anh là Morning Post, bản khoảng 4.000 bản mỗi ngày.

A. distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ (n): phân phát

B. coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ (n) = news: tin tức

C. circulation: tổng số phát hành (báo, tạp chí,...)


Câu 10:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Marketing this new product will be expensive, but _______ it will be worth the money we spend on it

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Tạm dịch: Quảng bá sản phẩm mới này sẽ tốn kém nhưng về mặt lâu dài thì nó đáng đồng tiền chúng ta bỏ ra.

A. at long last: sau một thời gian dài = finally

Ex: At long last his prayers had been answered.

B. down the years: trong quá khứ

Ex: I worked a lot down the years

C. in the event = when the situation actually happened: vào lúc xảy ra điểu gì

Ex: I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn't have worried: it was really easy.

D. in the long run = down the road: trong tương lai xa


Câu 11:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Laura starts a conversation with Maya- Jane’s sister

Laura: “You must be Jane's sister. Glad to meet you.”

Maya: “ _______ ”

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Người đầu tiên nói “Rất vui được gặp bạn” - Đáp lại: Me too nghĩa là Tôi cũng vậy (Tôi cũng rất vui được gặp bạn).

Các đáp án khác không phù hợp:

A. I am, either: Sai, “either” đứng cuối câu phủ định.

B. So I am. I'm glad: Sai, vì phải đảo ngữ là “So am I”.

C. What do you do: Câu hỏi về nghề nghiệp dùng đáp lại trong trường hợp này là không lịch sự.

MEMORIZE

Đáp lại lời nói khẳng định dùng: Me too.

Đáp lại lời nói phủ định dùng: Me neilher.

Ex: - I don't llke that film.

- Me neither.


Câu 12:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

The boys _______ that they had broken the window, but I’m sure they did.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch: Những cậu bé phù nhận làm vỡ cửa sổ nhưng tôi chắc là chúng đã.

A. refused + to V: từ chối, khước từ, cự tuyệt làm gì

B. denied + V-ing hoặc denied + that + mệnh đề: phủ nhận không làm gì

C. object + to + V-ing: phản đối, chống, chống đối

D. reject + N: loại ra, bỏ ra; đánh hỏng

Để phù hợp ngữ nghĩa và cấu trúc thì đáp án B là hợp lý nhất.


Câu 13:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

Lien was walking her dogs in the park, she met Lan accidentally.

Lan: “How lovely your pets are!”

Lien: “ _______ .”

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so: là lời phúc đáp thích hợp nhất cho câu cảm khen ngợi phía trên.

Lưu ý: Một số cấu trúc khen ngợi và đáp lại lời khen trong tiếng Anh:

+ Khen ngợi về diện mạo:

Người Anh thường đưa ra lời khen về diện mạo của một ai đó nhu là màu mắt, kiểu tóc, vóc dáng, hoặc ngoại hình chung. Tuy nhiên, bạn nên tránh đưa ra lời khen về những bộ phận cụ thể trên cơ thể của họ vì điều đó sẽ làm họ cảm thấy khó chịu. Sự thân mật, gần gũi của bạn và người đó càng nhiều thì bạn càng có thể đưa ra những lời khen về những vấn đề riêng tư, cụ thể:

Ex 1:

- Robert: You really have beautiful eyes, Barbara. I’ve never seen such a gorgeous shade of blue: Barbara, đôi mắt của em thực sự rất đẹp. Anh chưa bao giờ thấy đôi mắt màu xanh nào đẹp lộng lẫy như thế cả.

- Barbara: Thank you, Robert. That’s a nice compliment: cám ơn anh, Robert. Đó là một lời khen rất hay.

Ex 2:

- Abdulla: Goodness, you look great, Beverly! Have you lost weight?: Lạy chúa, trông em tuyệt quá, Beverly! Em đã giảm cân phải không?

- Beverly: That’s nice of you to notice. I’ve lost about 10 pounds, but I still need to lose another 5 or 6: Rất vui là anh đã chú ý tới điều đó. Em đã giảm được 10 pounds rồi, nhưng em cần giảm thêm 5 hoặc 6 pounds nữa.

Ex 3:

- Gene: Your new hairstyle is terrific, Cindy!: Kiểu tóc mới của em thật tuyệt, Cindy!

- Cindy: Thanks, Gene. I think I’ve finally found a style that looks decent and easy to handle: Cám ơn anh, Gene. Em nghĩ là cuối cùng em đã tìm được kiểu tóc phù hợp với mình.

+ Khen ngợi về kỹ năng hoặc sự thông minh:

Dưới đây là một số lời khen về khả năng hoặc sự thông minh mà người Anh thường dùng và cách đáp lại những lời khen đó:

Ex 1:

- Pat: I didn’t know you could play the guitar so well, Jone. Your song was lovely: Tớ không biết là cậu lại có thể chơi ghi ta hay đến thế Jone ạ. Tiết mục của cậu rất tuyệt.

- Jone: Thanks, Pat. I’m glad you enjoy it: Cảm ơn cậu, Pat. Mình vui là cậu thích nó.

Ex 2:

- Yumi: Joe, your backhand (in tennis) is getting stronger every time we play!: Joe này, cú ve trái của em ngày càng mạnh hơn đấy.

- Joe: Do you really think so? I’ve been practicing every day, and I’m pleased you see an improvement: Anh nghĩ vậy thật không? Em đã tập luyện hàng ngày, và em rất vui khi anh thấy được sự tiến bộ.

Ex 3:

- Marry: Bud, your photographs are unbelievable! I really wish you’d give me some advice to help my pictures come out better: Những bức ảnh anh chụp thật không thể tin được Bud ạ!. Em rất hy vọng là anh có thể cho em vài lời khuyên làm thế nào em có thể chụp ảnh được đẹp hơn.

- Bud: I’m happy to hear that: Anh rất vui khi nghe em nói thế.

+ Khen ngợi về công việc đã được hoàn thành:

Khi bạn hoàn thành công việc một cách xuất sắc, bạn rất xứng đáng được nhận sự khen ngợi. Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta thường sử dụng từ “congratulations - chúc mừng”. Ngoài ra, còn có một số cách khen ngợi điển hình mà người Anh thường hay dùng.

Ex 1:

- Mike: You did a fine job on the room, Jullie. I don’t think I’ve ever seen it that clean!: Em dọn phòng rất sạch Jullie ạ. Chưa khi nào anh thấy căn phòng này sạch sẽ đến thế cả!

- Jullie: Oh, it was nothing. I’m glad you could help: Không có gì đâu anh. Em rất vui khi em có thể giúp đỡ được gì đó.

Ex 2:

- Mr. Jones: Congratulations, Barry! That report you wrote was excellent! I’d like to use it as a model at the staff meeting on Friday: Chúc mừng cô, Barry!. Bản báo cáo cô viết rất tốt. Tôi muốn dùng nó như một bản báo cáo mẫu cho cuộc họp nhân viên vào thứ sáu tới.

- Barry: Thank you, Mr. Jones. I’d be flattered for you to use it: Cám ơn ông, Jones. Tôi rất lấy làm vinh dự.

+ Khen ngợi vật sở hữu của ai đó:

Người Anh thường thích khen đồ vật mà ai đó sở hữu như một món trang sức nhỏ, chiếc áo mới, xe hơi, hay ngôi nhà,... Tuy nhiên, bạn nên thật cẩn thận về cách đưa ra lời khen của mình. Bạn sẽ có thể bị coi là mất lịch sự nếu bạn cố tình tọc mạch vào đời sống cả nhân của họ. Ví dụ, bạn có thể khen chiếc đồng hồ của Greg rất đẹp - That’s a beautiful watch, Greg!, nhưng nếu bạn hỏi thêm một câu nữa về giá của chiếc đồng hồ đó (How much did you pay for it?) thì bạn lại bị coi là mất lịch sự.

Nếu mối quan hệ của bạn và người đó rất thân mật, gần gũi, bạn có thể hỏi người ấy những câu hỏi có tính chất cá nhân, tuy nhiên bạn nên rào trước bằng câu hỏi “Do you mind if I ask...? (Cậu có phiền không nếu mình hỏi về...?). Bạn phải thật chú ý khi hỏi những câu hỏi mang tính chất riêng tư, trực tiếp, đặc biệt là những câu hỏi liên quan tới những vấn đề tiền bạc, tuổi tác hoặc sex, ... Nếu người ấy muốn tiết lộ thêm điều gì đó (như chiếc đồng hồ giá bao nhiêu, được mua ở đâu, ....) thì người ấy sẽ tự nói về chúng mà bạn không cần phải hỏi. Sau đây là một số cách khen ngợi đồ sở hữu của một ai đó mà người Anh hay dùng:

Ex 1:

- Abdal: Your new sweater is very pretty, Sue: Chiếc áo len mới của em trông rất đẹp Sue ạ.

- Sue: Thank you. My sister gave it to me for my birthday. I like yours, too. Is it new?: Cảm ơn anh. Chị gái em tặng em nhân ngày sinh nhật đấy. Em cũng rất thích cái của anh. Có phải là áo mới không anh?

Ex 2:

- Mark: Your house is very lovely! I especially like what you’ve done to the front yard: Nhà của em rất đẹp! Anh thực sự rất thích cách em trang trí ở sân trước.

- Linda: Really? That’s nice of you to say so: Thật không anh? Anh thật đáng yêu khi nói như vậy!

Ex 3:

- Arthur: You know, I do like your glasses, Bob. I don’t know exactly what it is, but they make you look older: Cậu biết không, tớ rất thích chiếc kính mới của cậu Bob ạ. Tớ không biết chính xác nó là cái gì, nhưng chúng làm cậu trông chững chạc hơn đấy.

- Bob: Thanks. I take that as a compliment, I guess. You think that help my new image as a banker, don’t you?: Cám ơn cậu. Tớ sẽ coi đó như là một lời khen. Cậu cho là cặp kính sẽ làm tớ trông giống như giám đốc ngân hàng phải không?


Câu 14:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question

If our team _______ U23Uzbekistan in the final match, we _______ the champion now.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Tạm dịch: Nếu đội bóng của chúng ta đánh bại U23 Uzbekistan thì giờ chúng ta đã trớ thành nhà vô địch rồi.

Đây là dạng câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp, kết hợp giữa điều kiện loại 3 và 2, diễn tả một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả/hậu quả của nó còn kéo dài đến hiện tại.

Ex: If she hadn’t been driving so carelessly, she wouldn’t be in a hospital now: Nếu cô ta không lái xe quá ẩu thì bây giờ đã không nằm trong bệnh viện rồi: Việc lái xe đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, dùng vế đầu của ĐK loại 3 (Quá khứ hoàn thành). Nhưng hậu quả của việc lái xe ẩu đó vẫn còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại là cô ta đang nàm trên giường bệnh, sử dụng vế sau của điều kiện loại 2 (Quá khứ đơn).

FOR REVIEW

Mixed conditional type 2 & 3:

If S + had PP, S would V


Câu 15:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Transplanting organs such hearts and kidneys had proved easier than transplanting muscles.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Đổi such thành such as.

Tạm dịch: Cấy ghép nội tạng ví dụ như tim và thận đã tỏ ra đơn giản hơn cấy ghép cơ.

Để đưa ra ví dụ minh họa sử dụng such as không phải such


Câu 16:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than a mile beneath sea level

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Đổi is thành are.

Tạm dịch: Trên thềm Thái Bình Dương là hàng trăm ngọn núi chóp phẳng hơn một dặm dưới mực nước biển. Hàng trăm ngọn núi là số nhiều nên động từ to be phải để số nhiều


Câu 17:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Paint must bestirred and sometimes dilution before it is applied

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Áp dụng luật song hành, đổi danh từ dilution thành động từ dạng bị động diluted.

Tạm dịch: Sơn phải được khỏa đều và đôi khi phải được pha loãng trước khi dùng.

- dilute /daɪˈluːt/ (v): pha loãng, làm giảm bớt

- dilute sth (with sth): pha với

- dilution (n): sự pha loãng

Ex: The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade


Câu 18:

 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

 

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Key word: the passage, mainly discuss.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. How the principles of use and disuse change people's concepts of themselves: Cách những quy luật về dùng và không dùng làm thay đổi khái niệm của con người về chính họ.

B. The changes that occur according to the principle of use and disuse: Những thay đổi tùy theo quy luật dùng và không dùng - Nội dung xuyên suốt bài (những thay dổi của người tập thể hình/của da người tùy theo điều kiện nắng...)

C. The way in which people change themselves to conform to fashion: Cách mà người ta thay đổi để chạy theo thời trang – Chỉ là một nội dung nhò.

D. The effects of the sun on the principle of use and disuse: những ảnh hưởng của ánh nắng lên quy luật dùng và không dùng - Hoàn toàn sai.

Đáp án chính xác là B.


Câu 19:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

The phrase “wither away” in bold is closest in meaning to _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Key word: wither away.

Clue: “those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grow larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away”: những phần của cơ thể sinh vật sống đang được sử dụng sẽ phát triển lớn hơn. Những phần không được sử dụng có khuynh hướng _______ .

Phân tích đáp án:

A. split: phân chia

B. rot: mục rữa

C. perish: chết, tàn lụi

D. shrink: co vào, bé đi

Ta thấy rằng dựa vào clue thì ý của câu 2 phải ngược lại ý của câu 1. Ở câu 1 là “grow larger” thì ở câu 2 sẽ phải mang nghĩa là bé đi. Đáp án chính xác là D.


Câu 20:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

The word “Those” in bold refers to _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Key word: those

Clue: “It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish”: Theo quan sát thì khi bạn tập luyện những nhóm cơ nhất định, chúng sẽ lớn lên. Những nhóm không bao giờ được sử dụng sẽ rất nhỏ.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. organisms

B. bodies

C. parts

D. muscles

Do câu trước đang nói đến nhóm cơ nên câu sau chắc chắn vẫn sẽ nói về danh từ đó. Đáp án chính xác là D.


Câu 21:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

According to the passage, men who body build _______.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Key word: men who body build

Clue: “Enthusiasts of the "body-building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture”: Những người ủng hộ trường phái ‘‘tập thể hình” sử dụng nguyên tắc dùng và không dùng để xây dựng cơ thể, gần giống như một tác phẩm điêu khắc, họ biến đổi thành những hình thù không tự nhiên tùy theo xu hướng thời trang trong cái xã hội nhỏ khác lạ đó.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. appear like sculpture: trông như một bức tượng điêu khắc

B. change their appearance: thay đổi ngoại hình của họ

C. belong to strange cults: thuộc về những trường phái lạ

D. are very fashionable: rất hợp thời trang

Dựa vào clue ta thấy rằng những người này thuộc về trường phái thể hình (the "body-building" cult) và họ thay đổi cơ thể để hợp mốt thời trang nên do đó đáp án C và D sai. Tác giả dùng tác phẩm điêu khắc để nói về cách những người này thay đổi cơ thể của họ chứ không phải là nhìn họ như những tấm điêu khắc (cứng đơ, bất động). Do đó đáp án chính xác là B.


Câu 22:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

From the passage, it can be inferred that author views body building _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Key word: author views bodybuilding as

Clue: Enthusiasts of the "body-building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority: Dùng và không dùng để xây dựng cơ thể, gần giống như một tác phẩm điêu khắc, họ biến đổi thành những hình thù không tự nhiên tùy theo xu hướng thời trang trong cái xã hội nhỏ khác lạ đó.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. with enthusiasm: với sự hào hứng

B. as an artistic form: như một dạng nghệ thuật

C. with scientific interest: với một niềm yêu thích khoa học

D. of doubtful benefit: như một lợi ích đáng nghi ngờ

Đây là câu hỏi không đơn giản, đòi hỏi ta phải hiểu về sắc thái từ ngữ mà tác giả sử dụng. Các từ mang ý nghĩa tương đối không hài lòng, không cỏ cảm tình lắm như: unnatural (không tự nhiên), peculiar (dị biệt, lập dị), minority (thiểu số).

Do đó đáp án chính xác là D.

MEMORIZE

peculiar (adj): lạ kỳ, khác thường, lập dị

= odd = strange = weird


Câu 23:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of use and disuse enables organisms to _______ 

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Key word: inferred, principle of use and disuse enables organisms to.

Clue: “The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world .... which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions”: Nguyên tắc dùng và không dùng giúp cho động vật có thể thích nghi tốt hơn trong việc tồn tại ở thế giới của chúng... trang bị cho chúng để tồn tại trong những điều kiện cụ thể.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. change their existence: thay đổi sự tồn tại của chúng

B. automatically benefit: có lợi một cách tự động

C. survive in any condition: tồn tại ở bất kỳ tình trạng nào

D. improve their lifetime: cải thiện tuổi thọ

Dựa vào clue ta thấy đáp án chính xác là C.


Câu 24:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

The author suggests that melanin _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Key word: melanin

Clue: “The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight”: Melanin có sắc tố nâu được tổng hợp dưới tác động của ánh nắng, tạo nên một lớp bảo vệ những tế bào nằm dưới da khỏi tác động có hại của ánh nắng mặt trời.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. Is necessary for the production of vitamin-D

B. Is beneficial in sunless climates

C. Helps protect fair-skinned people

D. Is a synthetic product

Dựa vào clue ta thấy rằng đáp án chính xác là C

MEMORIZE

Sun

- sunlight (n): ánh sáng mặt trời

- sunbeam (n): tia nắng

- sunshine (n): ánh nắng

- sunburn (n): sự rám nắng

- sunburnt /ˈsʌnbɜːnd/ (adj): rám/cháy nắng

- sunbathe (v): tắm nắng

- sunrise (n): bình minh

- sunset (n): hoàng hôn


Câu 25:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms' bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man's body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn't. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the "body- building" cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to "build" their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a farmer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The farmer's hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is "used", and fades to white when it is not.

In the second paragraph, the author mentions sun tanning as an example of _______ 

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Key word: sun tanning, example of

Clue: “The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as a result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions. Too much sunlight is dangerous”: Nguyên lí của việc dùng hay không dùng cho phép động vật trở nên tốt hơn trong việc tồn tại trong môi trường chúng sống, càng ngày càng tốt lên trong suốt cuộc đời của chúng như một kết quả của việc sống trong đó. Con người tiếp xúc trực tiếp với ánh nắng mặt trời hay thiếu ánh nắng đều phát triển một màu da để tồn tại tốt hơn trong môi trường địa phương đặc biệt.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. Humans improving their local condition: Con người cải thiện điều kiện ở địa phương của họ

B. Humans surviving in adverse conditions: Con người sống sót trong điều kiện bất lợi.

C. Humans using the principle of use and disuse: Con người sử dụng nguyên tắc sử dụng và không sử dụng.

D. Humans running the risk of skin cancer: Con người có nguy cơ ung thư da.

Trong clue ta thấy câu trước nói về quy luật sử dụng hay không sử dụng “ánh nắng” của con người nên câu sau phải là ví dụ cho việc này. Đáp án chính xác là C.


Câu 26:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part that differs from the other three in the pronunciation in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

A. expand /ɪkˈspænd/ (v): mở rộng

B. stagnant /ˈstæɡnənt/ (adj): ứ đọng, trì trệ, uể oải

C. vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ (n): vị trí việc làm còn trống, phòng còn trống (trong khách sạn)

D. applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ (n): người xin việc

Đáp án chính xác là C vì phần gạch chân được đọc là âm /ei/ khác với những đáp án còn lại đọc âm /æ/.


Câu 27:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part that differs from the other three in the pronunciation in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

A. attained /əˈteɪnd/ (v): đạt được

B. resolved /rɪˈzɒlvd/ (v): giải quyết (khó khăn, vấn đề, mối nghi ngờ...), (hoá học) phân giải

C. disused /ˌdɪsˈjuːzd/ (v): không sử dụng nữa

D. decreased /dɪˈkriːsd/ (v): giảm đi

Ta thấy các đáp án A, B, C đều có từ gạch chân đọc là /d/, còn đáp án D là /t/, nên đáp án chính xác là D


Câu 28:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position ofprimary stress in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

D nhấn trọng âm ở âm tiết thứ 2, còn lại nhấn âm thứ 1.

A. flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ (v): thịnh vượng, phát đạt; thành công; phát triển, mọc sum sê (cây), viết hoa mỹ, nói hoa mỹ, khoa trương, (âm nhạc) dạo nhạc một cách bay bướm; thổi một hồi kèn

B. season /ˈsiːzn/ (n): mùa

C. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ (n): sản phẩm

D. today /təˈdeɪ/ (n): ngày nay, hôm nay


Câu 29:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position ofprimary stress in each of the following questions

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

C nhấn trọng âm ở âm tiết thứ 2, còn lại nhấn âm thứ 1.

A. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ (n): thái độ

B. infamously /ˈɪnfəməsli/ (adv): một cách ô nhục

C. geneticist /dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/ (n): nhà nghiên cứu về di truyền học, nhà di truyền học

D. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ (n): người theo chủ nghĩa xã hội


Câu 30:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (30) _______ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (31) _______ date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of "picture writing" developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (32) _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called "aleph" and "beth", which in Greek became "alpha" and "beta", which gave us the modern word "alphabet".

The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread (33) _______ other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare's time.

If we (34) _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and then put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question mark "?"

Điền vào ô trống 30

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Tạm dịch: The development of writing _______ a huge difference to the world: Sự phát triển của việc viết _______ một sự khác biệt rất lớn đối với thế giới

Đáp án đúng là C. make a difference: tạo ra một sự khác biệt.

MEMORIZE

- difference (n): sự khác biệt

- differentiate (v)

- differentiate between A and B: phân biệt, chỉ rõ sự khác biệt


Câu 31:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (30) _______ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (31) _______ date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of "picture writing" developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (32) _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called "aleph" and "beth", which in Greek became "alpha" and "beta", which gave us the modern word "alphabet".

The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread (33) _______ other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare's time.

If we (34) _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and then put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question mark "?"

Điền vào ô trống 31

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Tạm dịch: Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China _______ date from around 4000 BC: Các mảnh gốm với các dấu hiệu trên đó, có thể là các con số, được phát hiện ở Trung Quốc, có niên đại từ khoảng năm 4000 trước Công nguyên.

Chỗ trống thiếu đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ, làm rõ nghĩa cho pieces of pottery nên đáp án đúng là B. that.


Câu 32:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (30) _______ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (31) _______ date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of "picture writing" developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (32) _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called "aleph" and "beth", which in Greek became "alpha" and "beta", which gave us the modern word "alphabet".

The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread (33) _______ other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare's time.

If we (34) _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and then put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question mark "?"

Điền vào ô trống 32

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: However, the first _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC: Tuy nhiên, bảng chữ cái _______ đầu tiên được sử dụng bởi những người xứ Phoenici khoảng năm 1050 TCN.

A. true (adj): chân thực, đúng với sự thật (thường dùng với một sự kiện, sự việc)

B. accurate (adj): chính xác, xác đáng (theo kiểu đúng với mọi chi tiết)

C. exact (adj): đúng đắn, chính xác (đưa ra tất cả các chi tiết một cách đúng đắn)

D. precise (adj): rõ ràng, chính xác, tỉ mỉ, nghiêm ngặt (đưa ra các chi tiết một cách rõ ràng, chính xác và thường dùng trong đo lường)


Câu 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (30) _______ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (31) _______ date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of "picture writing" developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (32) _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called "aleph" and "beth", which in Greek became "alpha" and "beta", which gave us the modern word "alphabet".

The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread (33) _______ other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare's time.

If we (34) _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and then put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question mark "?"

Điền vào ô trống 33

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: "The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread _______ other European countries under the Romans": Bảng chữ cái của người Châu Âu hiện đại có nền tảng là tiếng Hy Lạp và lan truyền sang các nước Châu Âu khác dưới thời La Mã

- to spread to: truyền ra, rải, truyền bá


Câu 34:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HISTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (30) _______ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (31) _______ date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of "picture writing" developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (32) _______ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called "aleph" and "beth", which in Greek became "alpha" and "beta", which gave us the modern word "alphabet".

The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spread (33) _______ other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare's time.

If we (34) _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and then put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question mark "?"

Điền vào ô trống 34

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: "If we _______ the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts": Nếu chúng ta _______ lịch sử của hệ thống chấm câu, chúng ta cũng sẽ tìm thấy một vài thực tế thú vị.

Đáp án đúng là A. look into: điều tra.

Các đáp án khác không phù hợp:

B. bring on sth: gây ra

Ex: He was suffering from stress brought on by overwork.

C. make off: đi nhanh để bỏ trốn

D. hold up: ăn trộm (có dùng súng)

Ex: Masked men held up a security van in South London yesterday.


Câu 35:

 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

 

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch câu hỏi: Mục đích chính của tác giả trong đoạn văn là gì?

Ta thấy toàn bài tập trung nói về các đặc điểm của khe nứt San Andreas. Vậy đáp án đúng là A. to describe the San Andreas Fault: để miêu tả khe nứt San Andreas.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai:

B. to give a definition of a fault: để đưa ra một định nghĩa cho (khái niệm) khe nứt.

C. to explain the reason for tremors and earthquakes: để giải thích lí do cho những đợt rung chuyển và động đất.

D. to classify different kinds of faults: để phân loại những loại khe nứt khác nhau.


Câu 36:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

How does the author define the San Andreas Fault?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B.

Key word: San Andreas Fault, define.

Clue: “The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust”: Vệt nứt San Andreas là một khe nứt giữa hai mảng của vỏ trái đất.

Ta thấy câu đầu tiên của bài văn chính là định nghĩa về San Andreas nên Đáp án chính xác là B. A crack in the Earth’s crust between two plates: Một vệt nứt trên vỏ trái đất giữa hai mảng.

Các đáp án còn lại là sai:

A. A plate that underlies the North American continent: một mảng nằm dưới lục địa Bắc Mỹ.

C. Occasional tremors and earthquakes: Những chấn động và động đất theo từng thời kỳ.

D. Intense pressure that builds up: Một áp lực lớn đã tạo ra.

MEMORIZE

Earth

- earth (n) /ɜːθ/: trái đất, mặt đất, đất, trần gian, hang thú

- earthen (adj): làm bằng đất

- earthly (adj): trần thế

- earthenware: đồ đất nung

- earthquake: động đất

- earthworm (n): giun đất

- on earth: (dùng để nhấn mạnh) trên đời, nhất quả đất

- run (sb/sth) to earth: tìm thấy ai/cái gì sau khi truy xét khắp chốn


Câu 37:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

The word originates in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Key word: originates, paragraph 1.

Clue: “The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean”: Khe nứt ... ở khoảng 600 dặm phía Nam vịnh California, chạy hướng bắc theo một đường dài không thẳng tắp dọc theo bờ biển phía Tây đến San Francisco, và tiếp tục kéo lên phía bắc khoảng hơn 200 dặm trước khi gấp khúc hướng về phía đại dương

A. gets wider: trở nên lớn hơn

B. changes direction: thay đổi hướng

C. begins: bắt đầu

D. disappears: biến mất

Dựa vào clue ta thấy đây là câu văn miêu tả hướng đi của khe nứt nên đáp án chính xác và phù hợp nhất là C vì “originates” là động từ xuất hiện đầu tiên và nó xác định địa điểm đầu tiên của khe nứt.


Câu 38:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

In which direction does the western side of the fault move?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C.

Key word: which direction, western side, fault, move.

Dựa vào clue câu 37, ta có đáp án chính xác là C. north: Vùng phía đông của khe nứt tiếp tục chạy lên phía Bắc


Câu 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

The word its in the paragraph 1 refers to _______ .

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D.

Key word: its, paragraph 1, refers.

Clue: “In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side”: Ở một vài nơi, dấu vết của khe nứt được đánh dấu bới một cái rãnh, hoặc nói theo thuật ngữ địa lý, một kẽ nứt, và những ao nước nhỏ chấm điểm trên vùng đất. Khu phía tây của nó luôn di chuyển theo hướng bắc so với khu phía đông.

Dựa vào clue ta thấy từ Its liên kết với từ “fault” ở câu trên và đáp án chính xác là D. fault.


Câu 40:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

Along the San Andreas Fault, tremors are _______ .

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Đáp án C.

Key word: tremors.

Clue: “For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes”: Với lý do này, các chấn động thường diễn ra không phải là không thường xuyên dọc theo khe nứt San Andreas, một vài chấn động được phân loại là những trận động đất lớn.

Phân tích đáp án:

A. small and insignificant: nhỏ và không quan trọng

B. rare, but disastrous: hiếm khi xảy ra nhưng rất thảm khốc.

C. frequent events: những sự kiện diễn ra thường xuyên

D. very unpredictable: rất khó dự đoán trước

Dựa vào clue ta thấy đáp án đúng là C. frequent = not unusual


Câu 41:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor of the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has been active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco. In addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake would wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

The phrase “the Big One” refers to which of the following?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Key word: the Big One, refers.

Clue: the recurrence of what they refer to as the “Big One,” a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes: sự trở lại của thứ mà họ xem như “vật không lồ”, một chuỗi những trận động đất mang tính chất phá hủy.

Dựa vào clue ta thấy đáp án chính xác là A. a serious earthquake.


Câu 42:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The Chernobyl disaster occurred on 26 April 1986 when the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat, a town in northern Ukraine, went off.

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Đáp án D.

- go off = explode: nổ tung, phát nổ

Tạm dịch: Thảm hoạ nguyên tử Chernobyl xảy ra vào ngày 26/4/1986 khi nhà máy điện nguyên tử Chernobyl ở Pripyat, Ukraina (khi ấy còn là một phần của Liên bang Xô viết) bị nổ.


Câu 43:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Prior to its evacuation Chernobyl was inhabited by 16,000 people but is now populated only by Zone administrative personnel and a number of residents who refused to leave their homes or subsequently returned

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Đáp án D.

Tạm dịch: Trước khi sơ tán, Chernobyl có khoảng 16.000 người sinh sống, nhưng hiện nay chỉ có các nhân viên hành chính khu vực và một số người dân từ chối rời khỏi nhà của họ hoặc trở lại sau đó.

- prior to = before


Câu 44:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The Democratic Party now have 59.9% of the votes, so they’re home and dry

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Đáp án D.

Tạm dịch: Đảng Dân chủ hiện có 59,9% số phiếu bầu, vậy là họ đã thành công.

home and dry = safe and successful >< at risk of losing.


Câu 45:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Having served in the White House for 34 years and assisted 8 presidents, Eugene Allen experienced crucial moments in American history during his time here

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Đáp án A.

Tạm dịch: Phục vụ ở Nhà Trắng 34 năm cho 8 đời Tổng Thống, Eugene Allen đã trải qua những thời khắc quan trọng trong lịch sử nước Mỹ.

- crucial (a) = important >< unimportant


Câu 46:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Many doctors and nurses on duty during holidays don’t have time to relax. They don’t have time to meet up with their families

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Đáp án A.

Cụm từ: “Neither...nor...”: cả hai đều không

Tạm dịch: Các bác sỹ và y tá phải trực trong các dịp lễ tết không có thời gian để nghỉ ngơi cũng như cho các cuộc gặp gỡ mà gia đình đã lên kế hoạch.

FOR REVIEW

Neither + S1 nor + S2 + V (chia theo S2)

Ex: Neither he or I am wrong.


Câu 47:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

The boy lost several of his fingers because of firecrackers. The doctors are operating on him

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Đáp án D.

A sai ở từ “operating” (Phải đổi thành “operated”).

B sai, thừa từ “him” vì trong mệnh đề quan hệ đã có từ “whom” rồi.

C sai, phải bỏ “was” và “him”.

Tạm dịch: Các bác sĩ đang phẫu thuật cho cậu bé bị mất một số ngón tay vì bắn pháo hoa


Câu 48:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Father said “Albert, if you break your promise, nobody will respect you.”

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Đáp án B.

Câu gốc là câu truyền đạt trực tiếp: “Bố bảo Albert: Nếu con không giữ lời hứa, sẽ không có người nào tôn trọng con đâu” được viết lại dùng “warn sb that” là hợp lý.


Câu 49:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

People say that products are sold in this market at suitable prices

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Đáp án D.

Câu gốc dùng cấu trúc “People say that...” được viết lại ở dạng bị động. Chỉ có đáp án D là đúng cấu trúc ngữ pháp: V1 (is said) chia ở HTĐ cùng thì với V1 (say) của câu gốc, V2 (to sell) vì V2 (are sold) của câu gốc cũng được chia ở HTĐ, chủ ngữ mới của câu bị động là This market nên V2 ở dạng chủ động là đúng, không dùng to be sold được

Tạm dịch: Mọi người bảo là các sản phẩm bầy bán ở chợ này giá cả phù hợp.


Câu 50:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

We couldn’t have been able to go to the final match without the coach’s flexible strategies

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Đáp án D.

Câu đề bài là 1 dạng câu điều kiện loại 3, thay mệnh đề if bằng cụm “without + danh từ”. Do vậy, câu viết lại phải tương tự nên ta chọn D (cũng là điều kiện loại 3 nhưng với dạng đảo. Cấu trúc là

Had it not been for + N …


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