Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 12–19.
Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or “background” extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.
How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone – some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the „introduced predators’ that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.
Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.
Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010
The word butchered in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. raised
B. traded
C. cooked
D. killed
Giải bởi Vietjack
Kiến thức: Từ đồng nghĩa
Giải thích:
butchered: bị giết
A. raised: bị nâng lên B. traded: được trao đổi, mua bán
C. cooked: được nấu D. killed: bị giết
=> butchered = killed
Thông tin: Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets.
Tạm dịch: Săn bắn không còn là thủ phạm chính, mặc dù các loài chim và động vật quý hiếm tiếp tục bị giết để lấy da, lông, ngà và các cơ quan nội tạng, hoặc được coi là thú cưng man rợ.
Chọn D
Dịch bài đọc:
Các nhà khoa học đã xác định được hai cách mà các loài vật biến mất. Cách đầu tiên là thông qua sự tuyệt chủng thông thường hay “do những yếu tố tự nhiên”, trong đó các loài vật không thích nghi được từ từ bị
thay thế bởi các dạng sống khác có khả năng thích nghi hơn. Thứ hai là khi một số lượng lớn các loài đi đến tuyệt chủng trong khoảng thời gian sinh học tương đối ngắn. Đã có năm cuộc tuyệt chủng như vậy, mỗi sự kiện bị gây ra bởi các sự kiện tiến hóa thảm khốc bởi một số vụ phun trào địa chất, biến đổi khí hậu hoặc rác vũ trụ rơi xuống Trái đất. Các nhà khoa học hiện tin rằng một cuộc tuyệt chủng hàng loạt khác đang tiếp diễn – và lần này thì có dính dáng đến bàn tay con người.
Chúng ta đang làm điều đó như thế nào? Đơn giản bằng cách đòi hỏi ngày càng nhiều không gian cho bản thân. Trong cuộc tấn công của chúng ta vào các hệ sinh thái xung quanh, ta đã sử dụng một số công cụ, từ giáo và súng cho đến máy ủi và cưa máy. Một số hệ sinh thái phong phú nhất định đã chứng minh rằng chính bản thân chúng là dễ bị tổn thương nhất. Ở Hawaii, hơn một nửa số lượng chim bản địa đã biến mất – khoảng 50 loài. Cuộc tàn sát như vậy đã diễn ra trên khắp các quần đảo của Thái Bình Dương và Ấn Độ Dương. Trong khi nhiều loài bị săn bắn đến tuyệt chủng, những loài khác chỉ đơn giản là bị khuất phục trước “những kẻ săn mồi được du nhập” mà con người mang theo: mèo, chó, lợn và chuột.
Ngày nay, nhịp độ tuyệt chủng đang tăng dần. Việc săn bắn không còn là nguyên nhân chính nữa, mặc dù các loài chim và động vật quý hiếm tiếp tục bị đánh cắp để lấy da, lông, ngà và các cơ quan nội tạng, hoặc được coi như những con thú cưng hung dữ. Ngày nay, mối đe dọa chủ yếu đến từ sự phá hủy môi trường sống của thực vật hoang dã, động vật và côn trùng cần để tồn tại. Việc thoát nước và phá hủy các vùng đầm lầy và sông ngòi đe dọa chuỗi thức ăn thủy sản và ngành thủy sản của chúng ta. Đánh bắt quá mức và phá hủy các rạn san hô mỏng manh đã phá hủy đa dạng sinh học ở đại dương. Phá rừng đang gây ra nhiều thiệt hại một cách khủng khiếp, đặc biệt là ở vùng nhiệt đới nơi đa dạng sinh học toàn cầu có nguy cơ cao nhất. Các khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới đang dần thu hẹp của các lưu vực sông Congo và Amazon và những nơi như Borneo và Madagascar có vô số loài trên mỗi hecta mà không tồn tại ở một nơi nào khác. Khi những hecta quý giá đó bị ngập nước hay biến thành đồng cỏ khô cằn và đất canh tác, những loài vật như vậy sẽ biến mất mãi mãi.
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks 44–48.
It is true that keeping fit will benefit a person’s health in many ways. It has become clear in recent years, that a large number of people are doing less and less exercise and this is now causing many serious illnesses, putting a strain on doctors and hospitals. However, some experts believe that too much exercise can do just as much (44)________.
Although it is true that moderate exercise such as walking can be very beneficial to a person’s health, it is not the only one factor (45)_______ keeps us healthy. Diet is also extremely important and I would argue that it is probably even more important than exercise, although the ideal is for both of these factors to work together. It seems to me that many people are unwilling to put in the effort required to become fitter.
(46)_______, too much exercise can also cause problems. So people are urged to take moderate exercise and eat moderately healthily rather than embarking on extreme diets and training. In too many instances, ultra–fit people have had heart attacks or dropped down dead.
In all, governments need to find ways of (47)________ people to take responsibility for their own health. People need to realize that eating healthy food does not have to cost a (48)________, nor is it difficult to prepare healthy meals themselves. People need to be better educated about their health.
Điền vào ô 44
______ his physical disability, he managed to finish the course with good results.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
A large number of entries has updated in the latest edition of the encyclopedia recently.
Both husband and wife should be responsible ________ doing the household chores.
If the weather is fine this weekend, we _______ to see our grandparents.
Sue would suffer obesity if she couldn’t control her ________ overeating.
The children ________ happily in the park when their parents asked them to go home.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 12–19.
Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or “background” extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.
How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone – some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the „introduced predators’ that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.
Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.
Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010
The word them in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
I would never forget ________ to be the judge in such a well–known competition.
My brother has been playing ______ piano since he was a small child.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 12–19.
Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or “background” extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.
How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone – some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the „introduced predators’ that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.
Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.
Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010
It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions
During rush hours, travelling by car is slower than travelling by motorbike.
Once ______ as the World Natural Heritage by UNESCO, Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park attracts a great number of visitors worldwide.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
They left the concert hall. The fire alarm went off right afterwards.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
Bowling, one of the most popular indoor sports, are popular all over the United States and in other countries.
