Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Milpa Alta is a region of twelve villages and towns to the south of Mexico City. In Milpa Alta, traditions are still very important and one of the most famous traditional events is a community meal. It takes place every Christmas and is called La Rejunta. More than a meal, it’s a feast, where about sixty thousand tamales and fifteen thousand litres of hot chocolate are made and consumed. Tamales are made from corn. They are typical of the region: the name Milpa Alta means “High cornfield”. The feast is offered to the people who go on the long walk to El Señor de Chalma about 80 kilometers away. It’s an important event on the religious calendar for local people and as many as 20,000 people take part.
The planning and organisation of La Rejunta takes the whole year. Every year, different people are given the job of majordomo, which means they’re responsible for organising the meal. There’s a waiting list for the opportunity to do this and currently the next available year is 2046. This year’s majordomos are Virginia Meza Torres and her husband Fermín Lara Jiménez, who put their names on the list 14 years ago.
One year before the meal, men go to the forest and collect wood that they store near the home of the majordomo. It has to be dry when it’s used to make the cooking fires. Local farmers grow most of the corn, meat and vegetables that are needed as ingredients. In the week before the feast, hundreds of volunteers arrive to help with the preparation and the cooking. No instant or ready-made foods are allowed. Amazingly, everyone seems to know what they have to do. On the day of the feast, the majordomos and others have stayed up all night cooking. Fermin is in charge of the numbers – making sure there are enough tamales for everyone.
For the people of Milpa Alta, eating together is one of their most important traditions. One woman, Josefina García Jiménez, explains that sitting together at the table is like a glue that keeps people together. It feels like I am passing down a tradition, and when they are adults, they will remember what I have done. Here we have time to cook, time to think about the ingredients, time to show our kids through cooking that we love them. ‟ The time that everybody stays at the table after the meal has finished is just as important as the food. They talk, tell stories and laugh together. At Christmas, La Rejunta is a giant version of a family meal
What is the article about?
A. daily life in Mexico
B. farming in Milpa Alta
C. Mexican cuisine
D. traditions in Mexico
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án D
Bài báo nói về cái gì?
A. Đời sống hằng ngày ở Mexico
B. Canh tác ở Milpha Alta
C. Nghệ thuật ẩm thực của người Mexico
D. Những truyền thống ở Mexico
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
We felt asleep at the meeting because the speaker had such a monotonous voice
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
The development of transistors made possible it to reduce the size of many electronic devices
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
You are all welcome to take any food you like
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
The human brain is ten times the size of a baboon‟s. It weighs about 1,400 grams
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Susan cannot stand looking at the rat, __________ touching it
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The boy with his two friends _____________ the cherry tree now
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Last year thieves broke into a Scottish stately home and stole only one thing: a rhino horn trophy, which at 1.5 meters was the longest in the world. Meanwhile, in China, pharmaceutical factories have been building up (31)___________ of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole purpose of smashing them to powder to make the (32)___________ ingredient of many of their medicines. And in Zimbabwe, 34 poachers died in 1990 in the search for the black rhino.
Recently, conservationists met to (33)___________a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is still part of the traditional medicine to switch to substitutes. The biggest threat to the survival of the rhinoceros is the refusal of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic trading in rhino horn.
The rhino horn is included in many doses for disorders raging from fevers to nosebleeds. Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and has no proven medicinal (34)___________. Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are regarded as second best.
The battle is thought to be winnable. But it may be harder than the battle against the trade in ivory, for there is a (35)___________between the two commodities. Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people believe, could save the life of their child.
Điền vào ô số 34
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
How long ago ____________ the Civil War?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Milpa Alta is a region of twelve villages and towns to the south of Mexico City. In Milpa Alta, traditions are still very important and one of the most famous traditional events is a community meal. It takes place every Christmas and is called La Rejunta. More than a meal, it’s a feast, where about sixty thousand tamales and fifteen thousand litres of hot chocolate are made and consumed. Tamales are made from corn. They are typical of the region: the name Milpa Alta means “High cornfield”. The feast is offered to the people who go on the long walk to El Señor de Chalma about 80 kilometers away. It’s an important event on the religious calendar for local people and as many as 20,000 people take part.
The planning and organisation of La Rejunta takes the whole year. Every year, different people are given the job of majordomo, which means they’re responsible for organising the meal. There’s a waiting list for the opportunity to do this and currently the next available year is 2046. This year’s majordomos are Virginia Meza Torres and her husband Fermín Lara Jiménez, who put their names on the list 14 years ago.
One year before the meal, men go to the forest and collect wood that they store near the home of the majordomo. It has to be dry when it’s used to make the cooking fires. Local farmers grow most of the corn, meat and vegetables that are needed as ingredients. In the week before the feast, hundreds of volunteers arrive to help with the preparation and the cooking. No instant or ready-made foods are allowed. Amazingly, everyone seems to know what they have to do. On the day of the feast, the majordomos and others have stayed up all night cooking. Fermin is in charge of the numbers – making sure there are enough tamales for everyone.
For the people of Milpa Alta, eating together is one of their most important traditions. One woman, Josefina García Jiménez, explains that sitting together at the table is like a glue that keeps people together. It feels like I am passing down a tradition, and when they are adults, they will remember what I have done. Here we have time to cook, time to think about the ingredients, time to show our kids through cooking that we love them. ‟ The time that everybody stays at the table after the meal has finished is just as important as the food. They talk, tell stories and laugh together. At Christmas, La Rejunta is a giant version of a family meal
What’s unusual about La Rejunta?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Milpa Alta is a region of twelve villages and towns to the south of Mexico City. In Milpa Alta, traditions are still very important and one of the most famous traditional events is a community meal. It takes place every Christmas and is called La Rejunta. More than a meal, it’s a feast, where about sixty thousand tamales and fifteen thousand litres of hot chocolate are made and consumed. Tamales are made from corn. They are typical of the region: the name Milpa Alta means “High cornfield”. The feast is offered to the people who go on the long walk to El Señor de Chalma about 80 kilometers away. It’s an important event on the religious calendar for local people and as many as 20,000 people take part.
The planning and organisation of La Rejunta takes the whole year. Every year, different people are given the job of majordomo, which means they’re responsible for organising the meal. There’s a waiting list for the opportunity to do this and currently the next available year is 2046. This year’s majordomos are Virginia Meza Torres and her husband Fermín Lara Jiménez, who put their names on the list 14 years ago.
One year before the meal, men go to the forest and collect wood that they store near the home of the majordomo. It has to be dry when it’s used to make the cooking fires. Local farmers grow most of the corn, meat and vegetables that are needed as ingredients. In the week before the feast, hundreds of volunteers arrive to help with the preparation and the cooking. No instant or ready-made foods are allowed. Amazingly, everyone seems to know what they have to do. On the day of the feast, the majordomos and others have stayed up all night cooking. Fermin is in charge of the numbers – making sure there are enough tamales for everyone.
For the people of Milpa Alta, eating together is one of their most important traditions. One woman, Josefina García Jiménez, explains that sitting together at the table is like a glue that keeps people together. It feels like I am passing down a tradition, and when they are adults, they will remember what I have done. Here we have time to cook, time to think about the ingredients, time to show our kids through cooking that we love them. ‟ The time that everybody stays at the table after the meal has finished is just as important as the food. They talk, tell stories and laugh together. At Christmas, La Rejunta is a giant version of a family meal
According to the article, which statement is true?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites. In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time.
Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire, beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible, they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.
Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel. Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context.
The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded as the "small change of civilizations", beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.
The word "mundane" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
No one saw Jim came in. He came in without _____________.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Milpa Alta is a region of twelve villages and towns to the south of Mexico City. In Milpa Alta, traditions are still very important and one of the most famous traditional events is a community meal. It takes place every Christmas and is called La Rejunta. More than a meal, it’s a feast, where about sixty thousand tamales and fifteen thousand litres of hot chocolate are made and consumed. Tamales are made from corn. They are typical of the region: the name Milpa Alta means “High cornfield”. The feast is offered to the people who go on the long walk to El Señor de Chalma about 80 kilometers away. It’s an important event on the religious calendar for local people and as many as 20,000 people take part.
The planning and organisation of La Rejunta takes the whole year. Every year, different people are given the job of majordomo, which means they’re responsible for organising the meal. There’s a waiting list for the opportunity to do this and currently the next available year is 2046. This year’s majordomos are Virginia Meza Torres and her husband Fermín Lara Jiménez, who put their names on the list 14 years ago.
One year before the meal, men go to the forest and collect wood that they store near the home of the majordomo. It has to be dry when it’s used to make the cooking fires. Local farmers grow most of the corn, meat and vegetables that are needed as ingredients. In the week before the feast, hundreds of volunteers arrive to help with the preparation and the cooking. No instant or ready-made foods are allowed. Amazingly, everyone seems to know what they have to do. On the day of the feast, the majordomos and others have stayed up all night cooking. Fermin is in charge of the numbers – making sure there are enough tamales for everyone.
For the people of Milpa Alta, eating together is one of their most important traditions. One woman, Josefina García Jiménez, explains that sitting together at the table is like a glue that keeps people together. It feels like I am passing down a tradition, and when they are adults, they will remember what I have done. Here we have time to cook, time to think about the ingredients, time to show our kids through cooking that we love them. ‟ The time that everybody stays at the table after the meal has finished is just as important as the food. They talk, tell stories and laugh together. At Christmas, La Rejunta is a giant version of a family meal
In Milpa Alta, eating with other people is ____________.
I. Tính đơn điệu của hàm số
1. Nhắc lại định nghĩa
- Định nghĩa:
Kí hiệu K là khoảng hoặc đoạn hoặc nửa khoảng. Giả sử hàm số y = f(x) xác định trên K. Ta nói:
Hàm số y = f(x) đồng biến (tăng) trên K nếu với mọi cặp x1; x2 thuộc K mà x1 nhỏ hơn x2 thì f(x1) nhỏ hơn f(x2), tức là
x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2).
Hàm số y = f(x) nghịch biến (giảm) trên K nếu với mọi cặp x1; x2 thuộc K mà x1 nhỏ hơn x2 thì f(x1) lớn hơn f(x2), tức là
x1 < x2 f(x1) > f(x2).
- Hàm số đồng biến hoặc nghịch biến trên K được gọi chung là hàm số đơn điệu trên K.
- Nhận xét: Từ định nghĩa trên ta thấy:
a) f(x) đồng biến trên K .
f(x) nghịch biến trên K .
b) Nếu hàm số đồng biến trên K thì đồ thị đi lên từ trái sang phải.
Nếu hàm số nghịch biến trên K thì đồ thị đi xuống từ trái sang phải.
2. Tính đơn điệu và dấu của đạo hàm
- Định lí:
Cho hàm số y = f(x) có đạo hàm trên K.
a) Nếu f’(x) > 0 với mọi x thuộc K thì hàm số f(x) đồng biến trên K.
b) Nếu f’(x) < 0 với mọi x thuộc K thì hàm số f(x) nghịch biến trên K.
- Chú ý:
Nếu f’(x) = 0 với thì f(x) không đổi trên K.
Ví dụ 1. Tìm các khoảng đơn điệu của hàm số
a) y = x2 + 2x – 10;
b) .
Lời giải:
a) Hàm số đã cho xác định với mọi x.
Ta có đạo hàm y’ = 2x + 2
Và y’ = 0 khi x = – 1.
Lập bảng biến thiên:
|
– 1 |
|
||
|
f’(x) |
– |
0 |
+ |
|
f(x) |
– 11 |
Vậy hàm số đã cho đồng biến trên khoảng và nghịch biến trên khoảng .
b)
Hàm số đã cho xác định với
Ta có:
Do đó, hàm số đã cho nghịch biến trên khoảng và .
- Chú ý:
Ta có định lí mở rộng sau đây:
Giả sử hàm số y = f(x) có đạo hàm trên K. Nếu
Và f’(x) = 0 chỉ tại một số hữu hạn điểm thì hàm số đồng biến (nghịch biến) trên K.
Ví dụ 2. Tìm các khoảng đơn điệu của hàm số y = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 10.
Lời giải:
Hàm số đã cho xác định với mọi x.
Ta có: y’ = 3x2 – 12x + 12 = 3(x – 2)2
Do đó; y’ = 0 khi x = 2 và y’ > 0 với .
Theo định lí mở rộng, hàm số đã cho luôn luôn đồng biến trên \(\mathbb{R}\).
II. Quy tắc xét tính đơn điệu của hàm số.
1. Quy tắc
- Bước 1. Tìm tập xác định.
- Bước 2. Tính đạo hàm f’(x). Tìm các điểm xi ( i = 1; 2; …; n) mà tại đó đạo hàm bằng 0 hoặc không xác định.
- Bước 3. Sắp xếp các điểm xi theo thứ tự tăng dần và lập bảng biến thiên.
- Bước 4. Nêu kết luận về các khoảng đồng biến, nghịch biến của hàm số.
2. Áp dụng
Ví dụ 3. Xét sự đồng biến, nghịch biến của hàm số y = x4 – 2x2 – 3.
Lời giải:
Hàm số đã cho xác định với mọi x.
Ta có: y’ = 4x3 – 4x
y’ = 0
Bảng biến thiên:
Vậy hàm số đã cho đồng biến trên (– 1; 0) và
Hàm số nghịch biến trên và (0; 1).
Ví dụ 4. Cho hàm số . Xét tính đồng biến, nghịch biến của hàm số trên.
Lời giải:
Hàm số đã cho xác định với mọi x.
Ta có: y’ = – 3x2 + 12x – 9
Và y’ = 0
Bảng biến thiên:
Vậy hàm số đã cho đồng biến trên (1; 3); nghịch biến trên và .
