Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three tin the pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three tin the pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 

Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

The price of fruit has increased recently, ____________the price of vegetables has gone down. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

Had she worked harder last summer, she ____________ 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

____________, whose fauna and flora create an enchanted world. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

 She is a fast typist, but she usually makes quite a lot of spelling ____________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

 She was asked to give a full ____________ of her camera when she reported it stolen.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

You'll get ____________ shock if you touch ____________ live wire with that screwdriver.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

Max-light hopes their new advertising campaigns will ____________ flashlight sales.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I can't see us beating them at tennis this year. We are so out of ____________

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I phoned him late yesterday but he didn't answer. He ____________ then.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

After six months of convalescence in the nursing home, Tim is finally on the ____________ 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

They exchanged letters for 15 years, but they never ____________ met in person.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

The company was so successful during the 1990s that it ____________ 500 new employees in a period of six months.  

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 

According to a recent survey, most people are on good ____________ with their neighbors. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I hope the soft skills course starts this term. We are all as keen as ____________ to get going. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

Every woman who has enough criteria can join the beauty contest irrespective of their background.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.

He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the requirements of the company.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions  

 I've asked you umpteen times to clean your room! When will you do it?

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions  

Most counselors are trained in order to be able to reassure and console students who have academic or personal problems.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Tom: ____________ 

  Mike: I won't say no!

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

  Jane is talking to her teacher about her assignment. 

                Jane: You must have found reading my essay tiring.  

                 Teacher: ____________. I enjoyed it!  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

      If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done better, consider (25) ____________ the following techniques.  

            Before you settle upon your subject matter, be canny and examine the current market. If period dramas are making a comeback, for example, consider that genre but with a unique twist. Start by looking around you - in newspapers, on TV - for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (26) ____________ research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (27) ____________ more confidence. Read relevant history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse yourself in your chosen period and setting.  

      Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to sketch out rough dialogues and scenes. Only then should you set about writing the novel. 

      Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (28) ____________publishers will only consider submissions via an established agent and will largely ignore unsolicited books. Again, research is the key.  

            Look for an agent that (29) ____________ your genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good behind you too.

Điền vào ô số 25

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

      If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done better, consider (25) ____________ the following techniques.  

            Before you settle upon your subject matter, be canny and examine the current market. If period dramas are making a comeback, for example, consider that genre but with a unique twist. Start by looking around you - in newspapers, on TV - for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (26) ____________ research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (27) ____________ more confidence. Read relevant history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse yourself in your chosen period and setting.  

      Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to sketch out rough dialogues and scenes. Only then should you set about writing the novel. 

      Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (28) ____________publishers will only consider submissions via an established agent and will largely ignore unsolicited books. Again, research is the key.  

            Look for an agent that (29) ____________ your genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good behind you too.

Điền vào ô số 26

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

      If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done better, consider (25) ____________ the following techniques.  

            Before you settle upon your subject matter, be canny and examine the current market. If period dramas are making a comeback, for example, consider that genre but with a unique twist. Start by looking around you - in newspapers, on TV - for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (26) ____________ research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (27) ____________ more confidence. Read relevant history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse yourself in your chosen period and setting.  

      Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to sketch out rough dialogues and scenes. Only then should you set about writing the novel. 

      Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (28) ____________publishers will only consider submissions via an established agent and will largely ignore unsolicited books. Again, research is the key.  

      Look for an agent that (29) ____________ your genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good behind you too.  

Điền vào ô số 27

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

      If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done better, consider (25) ____________ the following techniques.  

            Before you settle upon your subject matter, be canny and examine the current market. If period dramas are making a comeback, for example, consider that genre but with a unique twist. Start by looking around you - in newspapers, on TV - for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (26) ____________ research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (27) ____________ more confidence. Read relevant history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse yourself in your chosen period and setting.  

      Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to sketch out rough dialogues and scenes. Only then should you set about writing the novel. 

      Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (28) ____________publishers will only consider submissions via an established agent and will largely ignore unsolicited books. Again, research is the key.  

            Look for an agent that (29) ____________ your genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good behind you too. 

Điền vào ô số 28

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29  

HOW TO WRITE A BLOCKBUSTER

      If you have ever finished reading the latest blockbuster and thought that you could have done better, consider (25) ____________ the following techniques.  

            Before you settle upon your subject matter, be canny and examine the current market. If period dramas are making a comeback, for example, consider that genre but with a unique twist. Start by looking around you - in newspapers, on TV - for stories and characters. Choose a genre and topic you feel comfortable with. (26) ____________ research will add to the strength and depth of your writing and help you (27) ____________ more confidence. Read relevant history books, biographies and travelogues to immerse yourself in your chosen period and setting.  

      Once you have formulated your characters, possible storylines and locations, start to sketch out rough dialogues and scenes. Only then should you set about writing the novel. 

      Once the novel is completed, you must find an agent. Many (28) ____________publishers will only consider submissions via an established agent and will largely ignore unsolicited books. Again, research is the key.  

            Look for an agent that (29) ____________ your genre and style. Finally, do not forget that the book has to be marketed once it is published, so you, the author, will become one of the novel's Unique Selling Points. It helps if you and the book have a good behind you too. 

Điền vào ô số 29

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

      Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.  

      At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium, glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.  

            This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book. “Why your Child is Hyperactive". Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

What does the passage mainly discuss?  

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

      Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.  

      At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium, glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.  

            This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book. “Why your Child is Hyperactive". Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective. 

According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

      Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.  

      At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium, glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.  

            This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book. “Why your Child is Hyperactive". Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

The phrase "set off" is closest in meaning to____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

      Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.  

      At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium, glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.  

            This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book. “Why your Child is Hyperactive". Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34  

      Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.  

      At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenathylamine, monosodium, glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.  

      This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book. “Why your Child is Hyperactive". Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.  

The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

      In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form.  

The passage mainly discusses how ____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

            In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form. 

The word “gradually” in paragraph 2 in closet in meaning to ____________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

            In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form.

The word “successive” is closest in meaning to____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

      In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form.  

The word "it" refers to ____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

      In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form.  

According to the passage, a change that occurred in Africa and the Pacific islands as a result of the arrival of missionaries was____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

            In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form. 

What did Sequoya do? 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

            In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form. 

In stating that the Cherokee writing system is a classic example, the author means that this example is especially____________ 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  

      Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion.  

      In direct contact, elements of a society's culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts'ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years, paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan, and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt (about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury, then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries, local manufacture started.  

      Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently, traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe. In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa and the Pacific islands.  

            In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones. All the symbols he used represented Cherokee syllables and had a distinctly Cherokee form. 

Which of the following statements about direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion is NOT true?  

Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

 The lion has long been a symbol of strength, powerful and cruelty.

Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

It was not until his father threatened to punish him did he told him the truth.

Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 

 Happy people often find it easily to get to sleep and they sleep soundly.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.  

She broke down the moment she heard the news. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 

 The doctor told him not to talk during the meditation.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

You'd better stop talking or you'll dig yourself a deeper hole.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Susan didn't apply for the summer job in the bank. She now regrets it. 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

It is a basic requirement in the modern world to be able to deal with figures.